MSA Flashcards
Context
It is defined as the historical, economic, social and cultural factors that influence mental processes and behavior
It is defined as the historical, economic, social and cultural factors that influence mental processes and behavio
Context
Wilhelm Wundt
He is credited by most historians as establishing the first scientific laboratory dedicated in studying behavior
He is credited by most historians as establishing the first scientific laboratory dedicated in studying behavior
Wilhelm Wundt
Aka Sensory Adaptation
Habituation
It is termed as the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus due to prolonged stimulation
Habituation
Habituation
Aka Sensory Adaptation
It is termed as the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus due to prolonged stimulation
Ex. The chill one feels when jumping into a cold pool slowly disappears as one stays in the pool for a long time
Habituation
aka Difference Threshold
Just Noticeable Difference
aka Habituation
Sensory Adaptation
aka Just Noticeable Difference
Difference Threshold
It is the smallest difference in stimulation required to discriminate one stimulus from another 50% of the time
Difference Threshold
Difference Threshold
aka Just Noticeable Difference
It is the smallest difference in stimulation required to discriminate one stimulus from another 50% of the time
Ex. A painter may easily see the difference between two similar shades of color
Difference Threshold
Ex. A wine taster may have no problem discriminating between two similar types of wine
Difference Threshold
These are the waves that are reflected by ECG patterns when one is awake
Alpha waves and Beta waves
Differentiate Alpha from Beta , ECG patterns
Alpha waves = occur in individuals who are in relaxed or drowsy state
Beta waves = occur in individuals who’s brains are on high electrical frequency electrical activity such during periods of concentration (eg. Answering an exam)
Waves that occur when the person is on drowsy or relaxed state
Alpha Waves
Waves that exhibited by a person having high frequency electrical brain conductivity such as during periods of concentration (eg. answering an exam)
Beta Waves
Generalization occurs only in classical conditioning . T/F
False
Generalization occurs both in classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Operant Conditioning Generalization
Giving same response similar to the stimuli
Classical Conditioning Generalization
It is the tendency of the new stimulus (similar to the original stimulus) to produce a response similar to the conditioned response
Ex. A boy that was bitten by ant, has feared other insects
Classical conditioning, generalization
Ex. A boy who has been taught to call a four-legged hairy animal “dog” may call horse “dog”.
Operant conditioning, generalization
A type of conditioning that uses rewards for each type of behavior
Operant Conditioning
Classical conditioning emphasizes _______ and ______; while operant conditioning emphasizes ______ and ______.
Classical conditioning = stimulus, behavior
Operant conditioning = behavior, consequence
A type of parenting wherein parents are involved with their child but place few demands and restrictions resulting in social incompetence and lack of social control
Indulgent Parenting
A type of parenting that involves restrictive, controlling, and demanding style
Authoritarian Parenting
Parenting style wherein the parents are uninvolved in the childs life, resulting into poor self control and doesn’t handle independence well
Neglectful Parenting
Type of parenting that encourage the child to be independent without neglecting to place limits and controls behavior
Authoritative Parenting
Parents are nurturant and good communication is encouraged
Authoritative Parenting
Results in a child who lacks self-control and social incompetence
Indulgent Parenting
A type of parenting wherein the child is given little opportunity to disagree and is expected to follow without question
Authoritarian Parenting
Results in child who has poor self-control and doesn’t handle independence well
Neglectful Parenting
Results to a more socially competent, self-reliant, and responsible child
Authoritative Parenting
Theory that is most pessimistic about human nature
Psychoanalitic Theory
Theory that is most pessimistic about human nature
Psychoanalitic Theory
2 theories that are neutral about human nature
- Trait Theory
2. Behavior Theory
Pleasure principle
Seeks pleasure to avoid pain
Psychoanalytic Theory tends to view people as _____
People as purely driven by unconscious sexual and aggressive insticts that follow pleasure principle
Rational Mind
ego
morality dimension of the mind
superego
2 theories that tend to be more optimistic about the nature of people
- Humanistic Theory
2. Cognitive Social Learning Theory
According to Freud, it is the structure of personality that deals with the unconscious, composed of instincts
id
According to Freud, it is the structure of personality that deals with the moral aspect of personality; takes into account wheter something is right or wrong
superego
According to Freud, it is the structure of personality that deals with the conscious rational mind that deals with reality
ego
Two basic drives that guide and shape human behavior, according to Freud
- eros
2. thanatos
basic drives that guide and shape human behavior that reflects the sexual drive
eros
basic drives that guide and shape human behavior that reflects the aggressive survival instinct
thanatos
It is a way through which the ego deals with conflict by distorting reality to protect itself from anxiety
defense mechanism
defense mechanism
It is a way through which the ego deals with conflict by distorting reality to protect itself from anxiety
One type of defense mechanism wherein the ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially approved course of action
Sublimation
Sublimation
One type of defense mechanism wherein the ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially approved course of action
Ex. A man with violent tendencies gets involved in aggressive sports such as American football and boxing to express his inner urges
Sublimation
Ex. A woman with strong sexual desires paints nude portraits to serve as an outlet
Sublimation
Depth perception
The image we see appear in our retinas in 2D form, but we tend to perceive a 3D world
The image we see appear in our retinas in 2D form, but we tend to perceive a 3D world
Depth perception
We see depth using _____ and _____
Monocular and binocular cues
Monocular cues
are depth based on each eye working independently
are depth based on each eye working independently
Monocular cues
are depth based on both eyes working together
Binocular cues
The eye turns inward as the object moves closer
convergence
4 examples of monocular cues
- Linear Perspective
- texture Gradient
- relative size
- Interposition
A principle of Gestalt Psychology
The whole doesn’t equal the sum of its parts
An approach to perception stating that people organize perceptions according to patterns
Gestalt Psychology
The whole doesn’t equal the sum of its parts
A principle of Gestalt Psychology
It is an individual’s adopting of attitudes and behaviors of others because of pressure to do so
Conformity
Conformity
It is an individual’s adopting of attitudes and behaviors of others because of pressure to do so
Mental processes can also be seen as _____ behaviors
Covert behaviors
Everything that we do that can be directly observed
Behaviors
Mental processes
Thoughts, feelings, memories and motives that each of us experiences but cannot be directly oberved
Behaviors
Everything that we do that can be directly observed
Thoughts, feelings, memories and motives that each of us experiences but cannot be directly oberved
Mental processes
Functional Fixedness
It is the inability to solve a problem because the things involved are viewed only in terms of usual functions
It is the inability to solve a problem because the things involved are viewed only in terms of usual functions
Functional Fixedness
Ex. A girl who does not think of using glass as a paperweight because she views the glass to be solely for drinking water
Functional Fixedness
It happens when the participants’ expectations, not the actual experimental treatment produce a desired outcome in a study
Placebo effect
Placebo effect
It happens when the participants’ expectations, not the actual experimental treatment produce a desired outcome in a study
3 types of memory based on the variation of time frames in which memory can hold information
- Sensory Memory
- Working Memory
- Long Term Memory
Holds information it its original sensory form in a brief instant
Sensory Memory
Memory that holds information for up to 30 sec or longer
Working Memory
aka short term memory
Working Memory
Can hold a large amounts of information over a long period of time
Long Term Memory
aka working memory
Short Term Memory
Long Term Memory
Can hold a large amounts of information over a long period of time
Working Memory
Memory that holds information for up to 30 sec or longer
Sensory Memory
Holds information it its original sensory form in a brief instant
It is a learning difference that is reflected by problems and deficits in doing arithmetic calculations
Dyscalculia
negative influence on the ability to read
dyslexia
This therapy is concerned with individual clients per se rather than with individuals in the context of larger groups
Gestalt Therapy
Gestalt therapy is a humanistic therapy developed by _______
Frederick Perls
akind of therapy wherein the client questions and challenges the client to aid them in awareness of feelings and to be able to face problems
Gestalt Therapy
Are approaches wherein individuals are helped in the context of a larger groups
Systems Intervention
It is the decrease in the possibility of a behavior’s occurrence if the behavior results in neither positive or negative consequence
extinction
In operant conditioning _______ is a consequence that increases the probability that certain behaviors will happen
Reinforcement
Type of reinforcement wherein the frequency of the response increases because a stimulus follows it
Positive Reinforcement
Type of reinforcement wherein the frequency of the behavior increases because a stimulus is removed or avoided
Negative Reinforcement
It decreases the probability that a behavior will occur
Punishment
Ex. Telling a joke causes a girl to be interested. The guy tends to tell more joke to cause the girl to laugh more
Positive Reinforcement
Ex. A child fights with a playmate and is then spanked; the child’s hostility decreases or stops
Punishment
Ex. A girl asks her friend a question and there is no response, the tendency of the girl could be, to stop asking question
extinction
Are psychosexual disorders wherein the source of a person’s sexual satisfaction is an unusual object, ritual or activities
Paraphilia
Paraphilia
Are psychosexual disorders wherein the source of a person’s sexual satisfaction is an unusual object, ritual or activities
8 Examples of paraphilia
- Exhibitionism
- Fetishism
- Masochism
- Pedophilia
- Sadism
- Transsexualism
- Transvestism
- Voyeurism
An individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that do not go away and/ or urges to perform repetitive behaviors to produce/ prevent some future situation
OCD
Ex. A person who keeps on going back to make sure that he has locked the door
OCD
Individuals are exact, precise, and orderly
OCPD
They make others feel uncomfortable when they demand the same precision from them
OCPD
Ex. Meticulous and demanding style
OCPD
Substance use disorder is not a personality disorder
Substance use disorder is not a personality disorder
Can results from bulimia
depression and gastric/ chemical imbalances in the body
the unhealthy pursuit of thinness via starvation
anorexia nervosa
a process of uncontrollable binge-and-purge-eating; the eating binges can alternate with either fasting or with normal eating habits
bulimia
Psychology that deals with the workplace- both workers and organization employing them
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Subdivisions of I/O
- Industrial Psychology
- Organizational Psychology
- Human Factors Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with personnel and human resource management
Industrial Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with social and group influences in an organization
Organizational Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with design of machines that workers can use to perform their jobs more efficiently and safely
Human Factor Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with the environment in which humans function in their work
Human Factor Psychology
Industrial Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with personnel and human resource management
Human Factor Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with design of machines that workers can use to perform their jobs more efficiently and safely;
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with the environment in which humans function in their work
Organizational Psychology
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with social and group influences in an organization
Ex. Psychologist assist in designing visually-helpful instrumental panel displays in vehicles to make driving easier
Human Factor Psychology
