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MSA Flashcards

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1
Q

Context

A

It is defined as the historical, economic, social and cultural factors that influence mental processes and behavior

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2
Q

It is defined as the historical, economic, social and cultural factors that influence mental processes and behavio

A

Context

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3
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

He is credited by most historians as establishing the first scientific laboratory dedicated in studying behavior

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4
Q

He is credited by most historians as establishing the first scientific laboratory dedicated in studying behavior

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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5
Q

Aka Sensory Adaptation

A

Habituation

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6
Q

It is termed as the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus due to prolonged stimulation

A

Habituation

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7
Q

Habituation

A

Aka Sensory Adaptation

It is termed as the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus due to prolonged stimulation

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8
Q

Ex. The chill one feels when jumping into a cold pool slowly disappears as one stays in the pool for a long time

A

Habituation

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9
Q

aka Difference Threshold

A

Just Noticeable Difference

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10
Q

aka Habituation

A

Sensory Adaptation

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11
Q

aka Just Noticeable Difference

A

Difference Threshold

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12
Q

It is the smallest difference in stimulation required to discriminate one stimulus from another 50% of the time

A

Difference Threshold

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13
Q

Difference Threshold

A

aka Just Noticeable Difference

It is the smallest difference in stimulation required to discriminate one stimulus from another 50% of the time

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14
Q

Ex. A painter may easily see the difference between two similar shades of color

A

Difference Threshold

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15
Q

Ex. A wine taster may have no problem discriminating between two similar types of wine

A

Difference Threshold

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16
Q

These are the waves that are reflected by ECG patterns when one is awake

A

Alpha waves and Beta waves

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17
Q

Differentiate Alpha from Beta , ECG patterns

A

Alpha waves = occur in individuals who are in relaxed or drowsy state

Beta waves = occur in individuals who’s brains are on high electrical frequency electrical activity such during periods of concentration (eg. Answering an exam)

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18
Q

Waves that occur when the person is on drowsy or relaxed state

A

Alpha Waves

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19
Q

Waves that exhibited by a person having high frequency electrical brain conductivity such as during periods of concentration (eg. answering an exam)

A

Beta Waves

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20
Q

Generalization occurs only in classical conditioning . T/F

A

False

Generalization occurs both in classical conditioning and operant conditioning

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21
Q

Operant Conditioning Generalization

A

Giving same response similar to the stimuli

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22
Q

Classical Conditioning Generalization

A

It is the tendency of the new stimulus (similar to the original stimulus) to produce a response similar to the conditioned response

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23
Q

Ex. A boy that was bitten by ant, has feared other insects

A

Classical conditioning, generalization

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24
Q

Ex. A boy who has been taught to call a four-legged hairy animal “dog” may call horse “dog”.

A

Operant conditioning, generalization

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25
Q

A type of conditioning that uses rewards for each type of behavior

A

Operant Conditioning

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26
Q

Classical conditioning emphasizes _______ and ______; while operant conditioning emphasizes ______ and ______.

A

Classical conditioning = stimulus, behavior

Operant conditioning = behavior, consequence

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27
Q

A type of parenting wherein parents are involved with their child but place few demands and restrictions resulting in social incompetence and lack of social control

A

Indulgent Parenting

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28
Q

A type of parenting that involves restrictive, controlling, and demanding style

A

Authoritarian Parenting

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29
Q

Parenting style wherein the parents are uninvolved in the childs life, resulting into poor self control and doesn’t handle independence well

A

Neglectful Parenting

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30
Q

Type of parenting that encourage the child to be independent without neglecting to place limits and controls behavior

A

Authoritative Parenting

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31
Q

Parents are nurturant and good communication is encouraged

A

Authoritative Parenting

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32
Q

Results in a child who lacks self-control and social incompetence

A

Indulgent Parenting

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33
Q

A type of parenting wherein the child is given little opportunity to disagree and is expected to follow without question

A

Authoritarian Parenting

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34
Q

Results in child who has poor self-control and doesn’t handle independence well

A

Neglectful Parenting

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35
Q

Results to a more socially competent, self-reliant, and responsible child

A

Authoritative Parenting

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36
Q

Theory that is most pessimistic about human nature

A

Psychoanalitic Theory

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37
Q

Theory that is most pessimistic about human nature

A

Psychoanalitic Theory

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38
Q

2 theories that are neutral about human nature

A
  1. Trait Theory

2. Behavior Theory

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39
Q

Pleasure principle

A

Seeks pleasure to avoid pain

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40
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory tends to view people as _____

A

People as purely driven by unconscious sexual and aggressive insticts that follow pleasure principle

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41
Q

Rational Mind

A

ego

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42
Q

morality dimension of the mind

A

superego

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43
Q

2 theories that tend to be more optimistic about the nature of people

A
  1. Humanistic Theory

2. Cognitive Social Learning Theory

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44
Q

According to Freud, it is the structure of personality that deals with the unconscious, composed of instincts

A

id

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45
Q

According to Freud, it is the structure of personality that deals with the moral aspect of personality; takes into account wheter something is right or wrong

A

superego

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46
Q

According to Freud, it is the structure of personality that deals with the conscious rational mind that deals with reality

A

ego

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47
Q

Two basic drives that guide and shape human behavior, according to Freud

A
  1. eros

2. thanatos

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48
Q

basic drives that guide and shape human behavior that reflects the sexual drive

A

eros

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49
Q

basic drives that guide and shape human behavior that reflects the aggressive survival instinct

A

thanatos

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50
Q

It is a way through which the ego deals with conflict by distorting reality to protect itself from anxiety

A

defense mechanism

51
Q

defense mechanism

A

It is a way through which the ego deals with conflict by distorting reality to protect itself from anxiety

52
Q

One type of defense mechanism wherein the ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially approved course of action

A

Sublimation

53
Q

Sublimation

A

One type of defense mechanism wherein the ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially approved course of action

54
Q

Ex. A man with violent tendencies gets involved in aggressive sports such as American football and boxing to express his inner urges

A

Sublimation

55
Q

Ex. A woman with strong sexual desires paints nude portraits to serve as an outlet

A

Sublimation

56
Q

Depth perception

A

The image we see appear in our retinas in 2D form, but we tend to perceive a 3D world

57
Q

The image we see appear in our retinas in 2D form, but we tend to perceive a 3D world

A

Depth perception

58
Q

We see depth using _____ and _____

A

Monocular and binocular cues

59
Q

Monocular cues

A

are depth based on each eye working independently

60
Q

are depth based on each eye working independently

A

Monocular cues

61
Q

are depth based on both eyes working together

A

Binocular cues

62
Q

The eye turns inward as the object moves closer

A

convergence

63
Q

4 examples of monocular cues

A
  1. Linear Perspective
  2. texture Gradient
  3. relative size
  4. Interposition
64
Q

A principle of Gestalt Psychology

A

The whole doesn’t equal the sum of its parts

65
Q

An approach to perception stating that people organize perceptions according to patterns

A

Gestalt Psychology

66
Q

The whole doesn’t equal the sum of its parts

A

A principle of Gestalt Psychology

67
Q

It is an individual’s adopting of attitudes and behaviors of others because of pressure to do so

A

Conformity

68
Q

Conformity

A

It is an individual’s adopting of attitudes and behaviors of others because of pressure to do so

69
Q

Mental processes can also be seen as _____ behaviors

A

Covert behaviors

70
Q

Everything that we do that can be directly observed

A

Behaviors

71
Q

Mental processes

A

Thoughts, feelings, memories and motives that each of us experiences but cannot be directly oberved

72
Q

Behaviors

A

Everything that we do that can be directly observed

73
Q

Thoughts, feelings, memories and motives that each of us experiences but cannot be directly oberved

A

Mental processes

74
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

It is the inability to solve a problem because the things involved are viewed only in terms of usual functions

75
Q

It is the inability to solve a problem because the things involved are viewed only in terms of usual functions

A

Functional Fixedness

76
Q

Ex. A girl who does not think of using glass as a paperweight because she views the glass to be solely for drinking water

A

Functional Fixedness

77
Q

It happens when the participants’ expectations, not the actual experimental treatment produce a desired outcome in a study

A

Placebo effect

78
Q

Placebo effect

A

It happens when the participants’ expectations, not the actual experimental treatment produce a desired outcome in a study

79
Q

3 types of memory based on the variation of time frames in which memory can hold information

A
  1. Sensory Memory
  2. Working Memory
  3. Long Term Memory
80
Q

Holds information it its original sensory form in a brief instant

A

Sensory Memory

81
Q

Memory that holds information for up to 30 sec or longer

A

Working Memory

82
Q

aka short term memory

A

Working Memory

83
Q

Can hold a large amounts of information over a long period of time

A

Long Term Memory

84
Q

aka working memory

A

Short Term Memory

85
Q

Long Term Memory

A

Can hold a large amounts of information over a long period of time

86
Q

Working Memory

A

Memory that holds information for up to 30 sec or longer

87
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Holds information it its original sensory form in a brief instant

88
Q

It is a learning difference that is reflected by problems and deficits in doing arithmetic calculations

A

Dyscalculia

89
Q

negative influence on the ability to read

A

dyslexia

90
Q

This therapy is concerned with individual clients per se rather than with individuals in the context of larger groups

A

Gestalt Therapy

91
Q

Gestalt therapy is a humanistic therapy developed by _______

A

Frederick Perls

92
Q

akind of therapy wherein the client questions and challenges the client to aid them in awareness of feelings and to be able to face problems

A

Gestalt Therapy

93
Q

Are approaches wherein individuals are helped in the context of a larger groups

A

Systems Intervention

94
Q

It is the decrease in the possibility of a behavior’s occurrence if the behavior results in neither positive or negative consequence

A

extinction

95
Q

In operant conditioning _______ is a consequence that increases the probability that certain behaviors will happen

A

Reinforcement

96
Q

Type of reinforcement wherein the frequency of the response increases because a stimulus follows it

A

Positive Reinforcement

97
Q

Type of reinforcement wherein the frequency of the behavior increases because a stimulus is removed or avoided

A

Negative Reinforcement

98
Q

It decreases the probability that a behavior will occur

A

Punishment

99
Q

Ex. Telling a joke causes a girl to be interested. The guy tends to tell more joke to cause the girl to laugh more

A

Positive Reinforcement

100
Q

Ex. A child fights with a playmate and is then spanked; the child’s hostility decreases or stops

A

Punishment

101
Q

Ex. A girl asks her friend a question and there is no response, the tendency of the girl could be, to stop asking question

A

extinction

102
Q

Are psychosexual disorders wherein the source of a person’s sexual satisfaction is an unusual object, ritual or activities

A

Paraphilia

103
Q

Paraphilia

A

Are psychosexual disorders wherein the source of a person’s sexual satisfaction is an unusual object, ritual or activities

104
Q

8 Examples of paraphilia

A
  1. Exhibitionism
  2. Fetishism
  3. Masochism
  4. Pedophilia
  5. Sadism
  6. Transsexualism
  7. Transvestism
  8. Voyeurism
105
Q

An individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that do not go away and/ or urges to perform repetitive behaviors to produce/ prevent some future situation

A

OCD

106
Q

Ex. A person who keeps on going back to make sure that he has locked the door

A

OCD

107
Q

Individuals are exact, precise, and orderly

A

OCPD

108
Q

They make others feel uncomfortable when they demand the same precision from them

A

OCPD

109
Q

Ex. Meticulous and demanding style

A

OCPD

110
Q

Substance use disorder is not a personality disorder

A

Substance use disorder is not a personality disorder

111
Q

Can results from bulimia

A

depression and gastric/ chemical imbalances in the body

112
Q

the unhealthy pursuit of thinness via starvation

A

anorexia nervosa

113
Q

a process of uncontrollable binge-and-purge-eating; the eating binges can alternate with either fasting or with normal eating habits

A

bulimia

114
Q

Psychology that deals with the workplace- both workers and organization employing them

A

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

115
Q

Subdivisions of I/O

A
  1. Industrial Psychology
  2. Organizational Psychology
  3. Human Factors Psychology
116
Q

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with personnel and human resource management

A

Industrial Psychology

117
Q

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with social and group influences in an organization

A

Organizational Psychology

118
Q

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with design of machines that workers can use to perform their jobs more efficiently and safely

A

Human Factor Psychology

119
Q

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with the environment in which humans function in their work

A

Human Factor Psychology

120
Q

Industrial Psychology

A

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with personnel and human resource management

121
Q

Human Factor Psychology

A

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with design of machines that workers can use to perform their jobs more efficiently and safely;
Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with the environment in which humans function in their work

122
Q

Organizational Psychology

A

Subdivision of Industrial Psychology that deals with social and group influences in an organization

123
Q

Ex. Psychologist assist in designing visually-helpful instrumental panel displays in vehicles to make driving easier

A

Human Factor Psychology

NMAT Psychology (2 decks)

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