Ms2

Question 1

Heel strike

Answer 1

0-11%
Heel strike and foot flat
IC and LR

Question 2

Midstance

Answer 2

12-40

Question 3

Push off

Answer 3

40-60%
Heel off and toe off
TS and PS

Question 4

Acceleration

Answer 4

60-75%

Question 5

Mid swing

Answer 5

75-85

Question 6

Deceleration

Answer 6

85-100

Question 7

Normal cadence

Answer 7

110-116 steps/min

Question 8

Normal speed

Answer 8

1.23-1.37 m/sec

Question 9

Normal stride length

Answer 9

1.27-1-48m

Question 10

Normal step width

Answer 10

1-5”

Question 11

Normal Toe out

Answer 11

7

Question 12

Ankle movement

Answer 12

5 inv, 5 ev and 15 inv

Question 13

Minimal rom for gait

Answer 13

Hip 20 flx and 20 ext
Knee 0-60
Ankle pf 25 and df 7

Question 14

Gait initiation from erect standing

Answer 14

• inhibition of gastroc followed by activation of ant tib bilaterally inclines body forward
• COP shifts from swing foot to stance foot
• Glut med accepts weight on stance limb

Question 15

Termination of gait

Answer 15

• stance limb reduces push off w hip ext, knee ext and ant tib
• swing limb brakes at IC w soleus, quads and erector spinae

Question 16

Sinusoidal pattern in Sagittal plane

Answer 16

Up and down (4-5cm) low at IC high at MS

Question 17

Head stability

Answer 17

Postural righting

Head stability

Question 18

Gait UE ROM

Answer 18

Shoulder 30
- 6 flx, 24 ext
Elbow 20-45

Question 19

Stairs gait

Answer 19

Stance-up and forward
Swing
Vertical work ^^^
Quad work ^^^^
Knee torque 3x in accent and descent 
Head motion ^^^

Question 20

Running gait

Answer 20

Swing, stance and float phase

ROM INCREASE FOR ALL FLEXION

Question 21

Baby gait

Answer 21

11-15 mos

Question 22

Research in baby motor dev: McGraw

Answer 22

Phases and transitional patterns (neuromaturational)

Question 23

5 task of gait

Answer 23

Support hat
Maintain posture and balance
Control foot trajectory 
Generate mechanical energy
Absorption of mechanical energy

Question 24

Robert Halverson

Answer 24

Used descriptive analysis and divided a pattern into its component parts (physical development)

Question 25

Adolph

Answer 25

Stresses the role of peripheral, biome gal factors and the role of experience .

Question 26

Walking hands held

Answer 26

8-10 mos

Question 27

Initial phase of gait

Answer 27

3-6 mos after walking onset | Control balance

Question 28

Gait 2nd phase

Answer 28

3-5 years | Locomotor pattern is refined

Question 29

Gait maturation

Answer 29

22 wks after ind walking | Heel strike and reciprocal arm swing

Question 30

Baby gait

Answer 30

70 stance | 30 swing

Question 31

1st days of walking

Answer 31

``` No push off stage Step width is wide Arms in high guard Propels by leaning forward at trunk Very short swing phase ```

Question 32

Toddler

Answer 32

Ind ambulation but not mature Inconsistency Increase in walking speed Decrease in cadence (bigger steps)

Question 33

1st year walking

Answer 33

``` Increased step freq Absent arm swing Flexed knee in stance Ankle plantar flexion Increased hip flexion Decreased limb stance ```

Question 34

2 year old

Answer 34

Pelvic tilt, abd and ext rot are decreased Knee-flexion wave occurs Heel strike is present at 18mos Ankle df in swing Reciprocal arm swing begins (matures at 4yo) End of 2nd year push off

Question 35

3 yo gait

Answer 35

``` Reciprocal arm swing in 90% Lordosis with ant pelvic tilt May have knee hyper ext Hip ext Increased sls, step length, and stride length Genu valgun present ```

Question 36

4-6

Answer 36

Balance and posture disequilibrium Normal propulsion 6 yo heel to toe gait

Question 37

7 yo

Answer 37

Mature COM slightly higher Heel position is neutral

Question 38

Motor milestone

Answer 38

``` Head control Rolling Sit Creep Walk Run Gallop Hop Skip ```

Question 39

Fast walk

Answer 39

18-19 mos

Question 40

Early running stages

Answer 40

2 yo Limited hip ext (up to 3yo) Flatfoot Arms in middle guard

Question 41

Advanced stage running

Answer 41

Peaks at 14-15 females 17 boys

Question 42

Galloping

Answer 42

4yo 43% | 6.5yo most all are proficient

Question 43

Hopping

Answer 43

4yo 33% | 6.5yo proficient

Question 44

Skipping

Answer 44

4yo 14% can skip

Question 45

Young old

Answer 45

65-74

Question 46

Older old

Answer 46

75-84

Question 47

Oldest old

Answer 47

_>85

Question 48

Abnormal gait

Answer 48

``` Temp or spatial changes beyond expectations Asymmetries Inability to change speed or direction Inability to dual task Postural sway with external support ```

Question 49

Level of ind

Answer 49

FIM | ability to perform instrumental ADL

Question 50

Quality

Answer 50

Gait analysis Dynamic gait index Berg balance scale

Question 51

Endurance

Answer 51

Community >2000 6 min or 400 m Accelerometer/pedometer

Question 52

Efficiency

Answer 52

Gait speed Tug Short physical performance battery SPPB

Question 53

SPPB

Answer 53

Balance, speed, chair stand ups | 0-12

Question 54

Spatial

Answer 54

Step length Stride length ~1.2 BOS Meaningful change .25cm or .1" for step length

Question 55

Temporal

Answer 55

``` Gait speed ~1m/s (3.28'/sec) MDC small .05 lrg .1 Cadence ~105 steps/min Decrease swing/increase dls Swing .4 sec/ stance .8 sec MDC .01 sec Dls ~25% ```

Question 56

Household distance

Answer 56

150'

Question 57

Community distance

Answer 57

>300'

Question 58

Independent

Answer 58

1.24m/s

Question 59

Sedentary

Answer 59

1.1

Question 60

Disability

Answer 60

.75

Question 61

Increase fall risk

Answer 61

.7

Question 62

Increase mortality

Answer 62

.6m/s

Question 63

Recurrent falls

Answer 63

.55m/s

Question 64

Hospital

Answer 64

.35 m/s