MS Clinical Diagnosis Flashcards
Definition of MS
Acute localised and chronic diffuse inflammation of CNS and subsequent demyelination of neurons, following the infiltration across the BBB.
Epidemiology of MS
women:men = 3:1
age 20-40yrs
prevalence 1:500
Symptoms of MS (visual)
pain on eye movement
blurring of vision
red colour saturation
Symptoms of MS (Brainstem)
vertigo slurred speech ataxia incoordination double vision
symptoms of MS (Spinal cord)
motor upper and or lower limb weakness
incontinence
UMN signs of MS
twitching of muscles increased tone (spasticity) exaggerated reflexes clonus present babinski sign present
LMN signs indicating not ms
Muscle atrophy no twitching reduced tone absent reflexes absent clonus absent babknski sign
investigations for ms
mri
lumbar puncture
evoked potentials
common sites of demyelination
corpus callosum cerebellum spinal cord brain stem optic nerve
diagnostic criteria
2 lesions
in 2 different places
or at 2 different times
types of ms
relapsing remitting
secondary progressive
primary progressive
progressive relapsing
relapsing remitting
85-90% of cases
attacks with complete or partial recovery
secondary progressive
initial relapsing remitting followed by progression
primary progressive
progression from onset (no attacks)
progressive relapsing
progression from onset (with attacks)
