MS CH 53 Integumentary System Function Assessment and Therapeutic Measures Flashcards
What is cellulitis?
A bacterial skin infection causing redness, swelling, and warmth.
What is a comedo?
A clogged hair follicle, commonly known as a blackhead or whitehead.
What is dermatitis?
Inflammation of the skin characterized by itching, redness, and lesions.
What is dermatomycosis?
A fungal infection of the skin.
What is eschar?
Dead, blackened tissue that must be removed for wound healing.
What does lichenified mean?
Thickened, leathery skin due to chronic irritation or scratching.
What is onychomycosis?
A fungal infection of the nails.
What is pediculosis?
Lice infestation.
What is pemphigus?
A rare autoimmune disorder causing blisters on the skin and mucous membranes.
What is pruritus?
Itching of the skin.
What is psoriasis?
A chronic autoimmune skin disorder causing red, scaly plaques.
What does purulent mean?
Containing or producing pus.
What is pyoderma?
A bacterial skin infection that produces pus.
What is seborrhea?
Excessive oil production of the skin, leading to greasy scales.
What is the primary cause of pressure ulcers?
Prolonged pressure that impairs blood flow to the skin.
What are common areas for pressure ulcers?
Sacrum, heels, elbows, hips, back of the head.
What is the first stage of a pressure ulcer?
Non-blanchable redness on intact skin.
What is a stage 2 pressure ulcer?
Partial-thickness skin loss, may appear as a blister.
What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer?
Full-thickness skin loss exposing fat.
What is a stage 4 pressure ulcer?
Full-thickness skin loss exposing muscle, bone, or tendons.
What is the best way to prevent pressure ulcers?
Frequent repositioning, good nutrition, skin assessments.
What is friction in relation to pressure ulcers?
Rubbing of the skin against a surface, leading to skin breakdown.
What is shearing in relation to pressure ulcers?
Skin staying in place while deeper tissues move, causing damage.
What tool is used to assess pressure ulcer risk?
Braden Scale.
What is the recommended repositioning schedule for bedbound patients?
Every 2 hours.
What is an unstageable pressure ulcer?
A wound covered by necrotic tissue, making depth assessment difficult.
What is the purpose of a hydrocolloid dressing?
Maintains moisture to promote healing.
What is mechanical debridement?
Physically removing dead tissue with tools like scissors or wet-to-dry dressings.
What is enzymatic debridement?
Applying topical agents to break down necrotic tissue.
What is autolytic debridement?
Using moisture-retentive dressings to allow the body to break down dead tissue.
What is a Wood’s light exam used for?
Detecting fungal or bacterial infections under UV light.
What is a patch test used for?
Identifying allergens causing skin reactions.
What is impetigo?
A bacterial skin infection causing honey-colored crusts.
What causes impetigo?
Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria.
How is impetigo treated?
Topical or oral antibiotics.
What is folliculitis?
Inflammation of hair follicles, often caused by bacteria.
What is a furuncle?
A deep bacterial infection of a hair follicle (boil).
What is a carbuncle?
A cluster of infected hair follicles forming an abscess.
What is tinea pedis?
Athlete’s foot (fungal infection of the feet).
What is tinea capitis?
Fungal infection of the scalp.
What is tinea corporis?
Ringworm of the body.
What is tinea cruris?
Jock itch (ringworm of the groin).
What is onychomycosis?
A fungal infection of the nails.
What is herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)?
Causes oral cold sores.
What is herpes simplex virus (HSV-2)?
Causes genital herpes.
What is herpes zoster?
Shingles, a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus.
What are symptoms of shingles?
Painful rash along a nerve pathway.
What is postherpetic neuralgia?
Chronic nerve pain after shingles.
What is scabies?
A skin infestation caused by mites.
How does scabies spread?
Through close skin-to-skin contact.
What is the treatment for scabies?
Topical permethrin or oral ivermectin.
What is pediculosis?
Lice infestation (head, body, or pubic lice).
What is psoriasis?
A chronic autoimmune skin disorder with scaly plaques.
What are common triggers for psoriasis?
Stress, infections, cold weather.
How is psoriasis treated?
Topical steroids, vitamin D creams, UV therapy.
What is rosacea?
A chronic condition causing facial redness and visible blood vessels.
What are triggers for rosacea?
Spicy foods, alcohol, hot drinks, stress.
What is a pressure injury?
Localized skin damage due to prolonged pressure.
What is xerosis?
Dry skin, commonly seen in elderly individuals.
What is urticaria?
Hives caused by an allergic reaction.
What is lichenification?
Thickened, roughened skin from chronic scratching.
What is eczema?
A chronic inflammatory skin condition causing itchy, red patches.
What is dyshidrotic eczema?
A form of eczema causing small blisters on the hands and feet.
What is asteatosis?
Dry, scaly skin due to decreased oil production.
What is actinic keratosis?
A precancerous skin lesion caused by sun damage.
What are the three main types of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma.
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma.
What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?
Melanoma.
What are risk factors for melanoma?
UV exposure, fair skin, history of sunburns, family history.
What is cryotherapy used for?
Freezing warts, actinic keratosis, and small skin lesions.
What is Mohs surgery?
A surgical procedure to remove skin cancer layer by layer.
What is a keloid?
An overgrowth of scar tissue.
What is a lipoma?
A benign fatty tumor under the skin.
What is impetigo?
A contagious bacterial skin infection causing honey-colored crusts.
What bacteria commonly cause impetigo?
Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus.
How is impetigo spread?
Direct contact with infected skin or contaminated objects.
What is the primary treatment for impetigo?
Topical or oral antibiotics.
What are the signs and symptoms of impetigo?
Red sores, oozing fluid, crust formation, itching.
What is folliculitis?
Inflammation of hair follicles, often caused by bacteria.
What is a furuncle?
A deep bacterial infection of a hair follicle (boil).
What is a carbuncle?
A cluster of interconnected boils.
What is cellulitis?
A bacterial infection of the deep layers of skin and soft tissue.
What are the signs of cellulitis?
Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, fever.
What is the first-line treatment for cellulitis?
Oral or IV antibiotics.
What is necrotizing fasciitis?
A severe bacterial infection that destroys soft tissue.
What bacteria commonly cause necrotizing fasciitis?
Group A Streptococcus.
What is the primary treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?
Surgical debridement and IV antibiotics.
What is tinea capitis?
Fungal infection of the scalp.
What is tinea pedis?
Athlete’s foot, a fungal infection of the feet.
What is tinea corporis?
Ringworm of the body.
What is tinea cruris?
Jock itch (ringworm of the groin).
What is tinea unguium?
Fungal infection of the nails.
How are fungal skin infections treated?
Topical or systemic antifungal medications.
What is candidiasis?
A yeast infection affecting the skin, mouth, or genitals.
What increases the risk of candidiasis?
Diabetes, immunosuppression, antibiotic use.
What is thrush?
Oral candidiasis, characterized by white patches in the mouth.
What is herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)?
A viral infection causing cold sores.
What is herpes simplex virus (HSV-2)?
A viral infection causing genital herpes.
How is herpes simplex transmitted?
Direct contact with infected skin or fluids.
What is herpes zoster?
Shingles, caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus.
What are symptoms of shingles?
Painful rash along a nerve pathway.
What is postherpetic neuralgia?
Chronic nerve pain after shingles.
What is molluscum contagiosum?
A viral skin infection causing small, firm bumps.
What is scabies?
A skin infestation caused by mites.
How does scabies spread?
Close skin-to-skin contact or sharing contaminated items.
What is pediculosis?
Lice infestation (head, body, or pubic lice).
What is psoriasis?
A chronic autoimmune disorder with red, scaly plaques.
What are triggers for psoriasis flares?
Stress, infections, cold weather.
How is psoriasis treated?
Topical steroids, vitamin D analogs, UV therapy.
What is Koebner’s phenomenon?
Psoriasis lesions appearing at sites of skin trauma.
What is actinic keratosis?
A precancerous skin lesion caused by sun damage.
What are the three main types of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma.
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma.
What is the most dangerous type of skin cancer?
Melanoma.
What are risk factors for melanoma?
UV exposure, fair skin, family history.
What is the ABCDE rule for melanoma detection?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolving.
What is cryotherapy used for?
Freezing warts, actinic keratosis, and small skin lesions.
What is Mohs surgery?
A precise surgical technique to remove skin cancer layer by layer.
What is a keloid?
An overgrowth of scar tissue beyond the wound site.
What is a lipoma?
A benign fatty tumor under the skin.
What is a dermatofibroma?
A firm, raised nodule on the skin.
What is rosacea?
A chronic skin disorder causing facial redness.
What is a common trigger for rosacea?
Spicy foods, alcohol, hot drinks, stress.
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
A chronic inflammatory condition causing flaky, oily skin.
What is dyshidrotic eczema?
A form of eczema causing small blisters on hands and feet.
What is xerosis?
Dry skin, commonly seen in older adults.
What is asteatosis?
Dry, scaly skin due to reduced oil production.
What is urticaria?
Hives caused by an allergic reaction.
What is lichenification?
Thickened skin from chronic scratching or irritation.
What is a pressure injury?
Localized skin damage due to prolonged pressure.
What is a stage 1 pressure injury?
Non-blanchable redness on intact skin.
What is a stage 2 pressure injury?
Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis.
What is a stage 3 pressure injury?
Full-thickness skin loss with visible fat.
What is a stage 4 pressure injury?
Full-thickness skin loss exposing muscle or bone.
What is an unstageable pressure injury?
A wound covered by necrotic tissue.
What is debridement?
Removal of dead tissue to promote healing.
What are hydrocolloid dressings used for?
Protecting and promoting healing of wounds.
What is negative pressure wound therapy?
A vacuum-assisted closure that promotes healing.
What is balneotherapy?
Therapeutic baths used for skin disorders.
What is anthralin used for?
A tar-based medication that slows psoriasis cell turnover.
What is phototherapy?
Treatment using UV light to slow skin cell growth.
What is hidradenitis suppurativa?
A chronic skin condition causing painful lumps under the skin, usually in armpits and groin.
What is a dermatophyte?
A type of fungus that causes skin infections like ringworm.
What is the primary treatment for tinea infections?
Topical or systemic antifungal medications.
What is erythrasma?
A bacterial skin infection that appears as brownish-red patches, often in skin folds.
What is bullous pemphigoid?
A rare autoimmune disorder causing large, fluid-filled blisters.
What is pemphigus vulgaris?
An autoimmune disorder causing fragile blisters on the skin and mucous membranes.
What is the Nikolsky sign?
Skin blistering with slight rubbing, seen in pemphigus vulgaris.
What is a bulla?
A large fluid-filled blister.
What is a vesicle?
A small fluid-filled blister.
What is a pustule?
A pus-filled skin lesion, seen in acne or infections.
What is an excoriation?
A scratch or abrasion on the skin.
What is a fissure?
A deep crack or split in the skin, often due to dryness.
What is a common cause of skin abscesses?
Bacterial infection, often Staphylococcus aureus.
What is a keratoacanthoma?
A fast-growing, dome-shaped skin lesion that may resemble squamous cell carcinoma.
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
A small, red, blood vessel-rich growth that often appears after skin trauma.
What is milia?
Small, white cysts that form when dead skin gets trapped.
What is the main difference between cellulitis and erysipelas?
Erysipelas affects the upper dermis and causes raised, red plaques, while cellulitis affects deeper tissues.
What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
A severe reaction to medications causing skin and mucous membrane blistering.
What is toxic epidermal necrolysis?
A life-threatening skin condition where the outer layer peels off in sheets.
What is the primary cause of erythema multiforme?
Infections (especially HSV) and drug reactions.
What is morphea?
A localized form of scleroderma that causes skin hardening.
What is livedo reticularis?
A mottled, lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin.
What is lichen planus?
An inflammatory skin condition with purple, polygonal, pruritic papules.
What is pityriasis rosea?
A self-limiting rash that begins with a “herald patch.”
What is the herald patch in pityriasis rosea?
A single, large, scaly pink patch that appears before the full rash.
What is a dermatofibroma?
A benign skin growth that feels firm under the skin.
What is angiokeratoma?
A small, dark red skin lesion that may be rough and wart-like.
What is a cherry angioma?
A common, harmless red mole caused by blood vessel overgrowth.
What is a cutaneous horn?
A hard, horn-like growth made of keratin.
What is the primary treatment for venous stasis dermatitis?
Compression therapy and moisturizing the skin.
What is necrobiosis lipoidica?
A skin condition associated with diabetes, causing yellowish, atrophic plaques.
What is sebaceous hyperplasia?
A benign overgrowth of sebaceous glands, appearing as small yellowish bumps.
What is a syringoma?
A benign sweat gland tumor, often appearing on the eyelids.
What is elastosis?
A condition where the skin loses elasticity due to sun damage.
What is the Koebner phenomenon?
The appearance of new skin lesions at sites of trauma.
What is dermographism?
A condition where the skin becomes raised and red after being scratched.
What is the purpose of an occlusive dressing?
To keep a wound moist and promote healing.
What is a granulating wound?
A wound that is healing with new tissue growth.
What is primary intention healing?
Healing of a wound with minimal tissue loss, usually with sutures.
What is secondary intention healing?
Healing of a wound that is left open and fills with granulation tissue.
What is tertiary intention healing?
A wound that is left open initially, then closed later.
What is a common side effect of long-term topical steroid use?
Skin thinning and increased fragility.
What is a kerion?
A painful, pus-filled scalp infection caused by fungal infection.
What is vitiligo?
A condition where melanocytes are destroyed, leading to white patches on the skin.
What is albinism?
A genetic disorder causing a lack of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes.
What is a cafe-au-lait spot?
A light brown birthmark.
What is a port-wine stain?
A large, red or purple birthmark caused by abnormal blood vessels.
