MS

Question 1

symptoms of MS

Answer 1

• dyspnea, orthopnea, PND - increased left atrial pressure
• hemoptysis - ruptured bronchial veins
• ascites, edema, fatigue - pulmonary HTN, decrease CO

Question 2

signs of MS

Answer 2

• mitral facies

* peripheral cyanosis

Question 3

pulse of MS

Answer 3

• normal or reduce in volume - reduced CO

* AF may be caused if left atrial enlargement

Question 4

JVP in MS

Answer 4

• normal height
• prominent a wave if pulmonary HTN present
• loss of a wave if AF

Question 5

palpation in MS

Answer 5

• tapping apex beat
• RV heave
• palpable P2

Question 6

auscultation in MS

Answer 6

• T/C - mid diastolic low pitched rumbling diastolic murmur
• R - nil
• loud S1 - valve cusps remain wide open at onset of systole
• loud or palpable P2 if pulmonary HTN
• opening snap - high LA pressure forces valve open

Question 7

accentuation manoeuvres in MS

Answer 7

exercise

left lateral position

Question 8

causes of MS

Answer 8

RHD

congenital parachute valve