ms Flashcards
View cellular constituents, cytoplasmic, and
anuclear staining
Histological staining
issue constituents and general
relationship between cells and tissues are demonstrated
within sections by the direct interactions with dye or staining solutions and tissue sections.
Histological staining
various constituents of the tissue
are studied through chemical reactions that permits
microscopic localization of specific tissue substance.
Histochemical staining –
Chemical components are stained (protein, glycogen,
enzymes, DNA, RNA, calcium
Histochemical staining
involves a combination
of immunologic and histochemical techniques, used in wide
range of polyclonal or monoconal labeled antibodies
(enzymes and fluorescent dyes)
Immunohistochemical staining
o Tissue antigens and phenotypic markers
Immunohistochemical staining
Process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous
solutions and alcoholic solutions
Direct or Simple
Process whereby the action of the dye is intensified or
enhanced by the addition of mordant which serves as a
link or bridge between tissue and the dye to make staining
possible.
Indirect staining
Process whereby tissue is stained in a definite sequence,
and staining solution is applied for specific period of time
until the desired coloring of the tissue is attained.
Progressive staining
The tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular
details and the excess stain is decolorized from unwanted
parts of the tissue, until the desired intensity of the color is
attained.
Regressive
Uses specific dyes which differentiate particular
substances by staining them with a color that is
differentiate from itself. (metachromasia).
Metachromatic staining
Process where specific tissue elements are demonstrated
not by stains, but by colorless solutions of metabollic salts
which are thereby reduced by the tissue or bacteria.
Metallic impregnation
refers to living cells or tissue constituents
Vital
* Process of selective staining of living cells const demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle or by staining of pre-existing cellular components like mitochondria.
Process of selective staining of living cells constituents,
demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of
the dye particle or by staining of pre-existing cellular
components like mitochondria.
Vital Staining
intraviotal staining example
- Lithium - Carmine - India ink
– staining of a living cell through injecting
the dye into any part of the body (intravenous,
subcutaneous, intraperitonial)
Intravital
– living cells have been removed from the
organism, dye is introduced not by injecting. We
introduced the dye by entering it into the body and let
the stain enters the living cells (reticulocyte staining).
Supravital
stain for supravital
- Methylene blue - Brilliant cresyl blue
it determines dye binding; there are stains that are
acidic, basic, and neutral.
pH
may increase or decrease binding because it has
a tendency that competes with the dye in its binding site
Salts
– it can alter staining character of the tissue.
Chemical groups in the tissue (e.g., amino group –
formaldehyde)
Factors affecting dye binding
- pH – it determines dye binding; there are stains that are
acidic, basic, and neutral. - Temperature – increase in temperature also increases the
rate of staining. - Concentration of the dye – more concentration, more
binding. - Salts – it may increase or decrease binding because it has
a tendency that competes with the dye in its binding site. - Chemical groups in the tissue (e.g., amino group –
formaldehyde) – it can alter staining character of the tissue. `
Obtained from plants and animals previously utilized of
dyeing wool and cotton
Natural dyes
Hematoxylin was derived from a mexican tree called
“hematoxylin campechianum”
