Mrs.davis final exam Flashcards
What method of tree harvesting involves removing all but a few selected trees
Selection cutting
What forms at the base of a petiole to sever a leaf from a branch
Abscission layer
What structures on a stem allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration
Lenticels
What is the portion of a stem between 2 leaves or 2 places where leaves once grew
Internode
What is the talllest tree species
Coast redwood
What are the oldest known organisms on earth
Bristlecone pine
What is another name for broadleaf trees
Hardwood trees
Which type of root grows from a plant’s stem, branches, leaves or mature woody roots
Adventitious roots
What type of gymnosperms has no branches and frond-like leaves
Cycad
What system of forest management causes the forest to grow more high quality trees that mature faster than they normally would
Sustained yeild management
What type of inscet has a strong beak that it uses to pierce the plants stem
Sap-sucking insects
In a dichotomous identification key, how many choices are there at each question
2
An annual growth ring is made of 2 layers, a lighter outer layer with large vessels and a darker inner layer with smaller vessels. What is the lighter outer layer called
Soringwood
What type of insects either kills the tree or weakens it so that the wind can easily blow it over
Wood-eating inscets
What is the food-storing central core of a young woody stem
Pith
What term refers to trees that keep their leaves year round
Evergreen
What is the rough outer covering of a tree
Bark
What are the most common gymnosperms
Conifers
what is the science of managing and studying forests called
forestry
once a leaf falls off, what is all that remains on the tree
leaf scar
what is the process of removing trees for human use
tree harvesting
what is the main stem of a tree called
trunk
what system recycles carbon and oxygen in the environment
carbon-oxygen cycle
what is the debris that loggers leave on the forest floor called
slash
what is the ring of growth cells that separates a tree’s bark from the woody tissues
vascular cambium
what is the largest forest region
northern forest
the most heavily managed forest region
southern forest
contains the greatest variety of tree species
central broadleaf forest
produces the largest % of wood and paper products
Pacific coast forest
extends from Canada to mexico
rocky mountain forest
stretches from Delaware to FL and west Oklahoma to Texas
southern forest
the spiny trees especially designed for life in the desert area called ____
cacti
the pint beyond which conditions are unsuitable for tree growth is the ____
treeline
a forest differs from a woodland because a forest has a top layer of interlaced leaves called ____
canopy
a point on a stem that a leaf grows from is a ____
node
a object that produces carbon dioxide is a carbon ___
source
a tree that loses its leaves in the fall and remains bare in the winter is a ___ tree
deciduous
the main tissue of a tree trunk is called a _____
wood
growth of a tree in length is ____ growth
primary growth
the type of fire that burns the bottom portion and lower limbs of a tree and the surrounding shrubbery is a ____ fire
surface
a forest that has trees of many different ages and has many fallen, dead trees is a ____ forest
old-growth
growth of a stem in diameter is called ___ growth
secondary
skylar’s grandparents live on a old farm. science her grandparents don’t grow crops on the farm they have allowed some of the fields to grow up into a forest. what type of forest is this
secondary forest
while observing the trees in the backyard, you notice one of the trees is producing abnormal growths. which type of insect is infecting this tree
gall-making insects
when a leaf has too much water inside itself, it allows the water to leave through pours called stoma. what structure keeps water from leaving the leaf when the stoma are closed
cuticle
a landowner wishes to harvest a stand of loblolly pine and grow a new stand. a Forester recommends that all of the trees be removed at the same time. what method of tree harvesting is this
clear-cutting
name a difference between tree and a shrub
a shrub has several equally large stems instead of 1 main stem
a tree with several main branches close to the ground had ____ branches
spreading
the hard, inactive, dead wood of a tree is the ____
heartwood
the type of leaves that contain more chlorophyll and are found at the bottom of the tree are ____ leaves
shade
a root that goes deep into the ground and has secondary roots branching off the main root is a ____
taproot
any system or object that absorbs carbon dioxide from the environment is called a carbon _____
sink
the structure that allows a twig to grow in length is a ___ bud
terminal
setting fire to a forest under controlled conditions is ____ burning
prescribed
the scientific restoration of forest is called ___
reforestation
a stem produces new branches using ____ bud
lateral
the top portion of the a tree, which includes the branched and leaves, is the ____
crown
a animal that eats vegetation is a ___
herbivore
a animal that eats both vegetation and meat is a __
omnivore
a animal that eats primarily meat is a ____
carnivore
these type of teeth are found in the back of the mouth and used for grinding
molars
these type of teeth are found towards the front of the mouth and are used for cutting and biting
incisors
the ___ rolls into a ball when threatened
armadillo
large groups of bats are called ____
colonies
sloths and anteaters are ____
xenarthrans
the tamandua is a anteater with a ____ tail
prehensile tail
the slowest moving mammals is the ____
sloth
lions travel in groups called ___
prides
what are primates with prehensile tails, round nostrils, hairless faces, and thick wooly fur
new world monkeys
what is a small, rounded-bodied insectivore that is covered in black, and had barbless spines
hedgehog
what is a internal skeleton made of bone and muscle called
endoskeleton
what is winter dormancy in mammals called
hibernation
what are specialized structures surrounded by nerve endings that make them very sensitive (another name for whiskers)
vibrissae
what are the group of primates without tails
apes
what is a small insectivore that burrows under the ground in search of earthworms and small invertebrates
mole
a animal’s ability to blend into its environment is called ____
camouflage
a ___ whale is made of comb-like plates that cross the mouth and filters the whale’s food
baleen
____ are short and compact, short and blunt nose, flat and spade shaped, and the dorsal fin is triangular
porpoise
elephants are in the order ___
probscidea
wolves, dingoes, coyotes, jackals, and foxes are in the order ___
canidae
whales belong to the order ____
cetacea
___ are aquatic carnivores quite notable for their size and huge canines
walruses
___ group of carnivores are considered the only true carnivores
felidae
3 characteristics that are common to all __ are they are warm blooded, have a 4 chambered heart, and have hair
mammals
3 types of ___ include hedgehogs, shrews, and moles
insectivores
the smartest primate is the ___
chimpanzee
the largest mustelid is the ________
wolverine
true or false: the summer dormancy is called hibernation
false
true or false: a animal that regulates its it temp internally is called cold-blooded
false/warm-blooded
true or false: a bat creates a mental picture of its surroundings using its gps system
false/echolocation
true or false: the only flying mammals are the bats of the order insectivore
false/in order Chiroptera
true or false: meat is the primary food of the members of the order carnivora
true
true or false: mustelids are carnivores known for their beautiful pelts, but awful smell
true
true or false: 2 layers of hair found on many mammals are the guard hair and undertow
false/underhair
true or false: toothed whales have balean for catching prey
false
true or false
bears are in the order carnivora but are best described as omnivores
true
true or false
blubber is the name of the insulating fat found on walruses and seals
true
which of the following is not a lagomorph? hare, rabbit, beaver, or pika
beaver
what is the general name for a animal that chews the cud
ruminants
what hoofed mammal is one of africa’s most deadly animals
hippo
_____ refers to a species that has declined in # until it completely died out
extinct
the largest hopping mammal is the ___
kangaroo
this marsupial is known for playing dead
opossum
this marsupial eats mainly on eucalyptus leaves
koala bear
this pouchless marsupial eats termites
numbat
this monotreme is known for its duck like bill
platypus
which sirenian’s rear fins is rounded like a paddle
manatee
which is another name for a pangolin
scaly anteater
what is the name for mammals with hooves
ungulates
rodents have ___ upper incisors
2
the lonely ___ is the only species in the order tubulidentata
aardvark
the ___ is the largest rodent
capybara
true or false
the bovid head structure that consists of a bony core surrounded by a hollow sheath of hardened skin is a antler
false
true or false
ungulates are distinguished from other mammals by the presence of horns
false
true or false
the giraffe is the tallest living animal
true
true or false
the largest group of mammals are the lagomorphs
false
true or false
a beavers nest is called a drey
false
true or false
the sirenian that has a forked, whale like tail is the dugong
true
true or false
because they reproduce by laying eggs, tapirs are opivparous
false
true or false
the equids include donkeys, zebras, and horses
true
true or false
the substance contained in camel’s hump is water
false/fat
what are the smallest chlorophyl-containing organisms
algae
microrganisms that live near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms are _____
plankton
a colony is a ______ of algae living together
cluster
the most numerous of yellow algae are ______
diatoms
yeast reproduce through the process of _____
budding
_____ is a jelly-like substance that gives food like ice cream a smooth, creamy texture
carrageenan
_____ are a fungi that are a household problem because they grow on food
molds
the ____ is the part of the mushroom that is composed of the stalk and cap
fruiting body
2 parasitic club fungi that badly damage crops each year are rusts and _____
smuts
this species of bacteria has given us much of our present understanding of heredity
e coli
_______ are the animal-like organisms made up of a single cell
protozoa
what is the sporosoan disease spread by the anopheles mosquito
malaria
____ is known as the father of microbiology
Anton van leeuwenhoek
___ is a spore-forming protozoa
sprozoa
the ___ is a whip-like organ used by a euglena for locomotion
flagellum
the funnel-like depression that runs along one side of a paramecium’s body is called the _____
oral grove
the eyespot is a small spot of ______-sensitive pigment that aids photosynthesis
light
protozoa that can be distinguished by their unique slipper shape and the cilia that completely cover them is called ________
paramecia
the elastic “holding tanks” that collect and dispose of excess water within protozoa are called _______
contractile vacuoles
the best known sarcodine is the _______
amoeba
true or false
brown algae lives at greater depths and in warmer waters than red algae
false
true or false
fungi are considered saprophytes because most obtain their nourishment from dead and decaying organisms
true
true or false
bracket fungi and mushrooms grow at the same rate
false
______ are flagellate that resembles both plants and animals
euglena
_____ are organisms with organized nuclei
eukaryotes
the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring is _______
heredity
_____ is the scientific study of heredity
genetics
what substance stores the information and determines the genetic trait
DNA
fertilization is the union of the _______
gametes
____ are protein producing factories in the cytoplasm
ribosomes
when a organism has 2 identical alleles for the same gene this is known as ______
homozygous
when a dominant trait shows up in the offspring even if a allele for a different trait is also present this is known as the law of______
dominance
the type of rerproduction that doesn’t involve the union of gametes is _____
asexual
what plant did mandel use for his experiments
pea
a _____ is one way to determine the possible traits of the offspring
punnet square
there is a dominant heterozygous organism which set of letters should represent this organism
Bb
the _____ is the actual combination of alleles that a organism has for a particular trait
genotype
a trait that doesn’t appear in the offspring when the dominant allele is present is a _____ trait
recessive
_____ is the type of cell division that involves the union of the gametes
meiosis
_______ is the type of reproduction that produce offspring identical to the parent
asexual
there is a organism that has a recessive trait which letters would represent the organism
bb
the lens that you look through at the top of the microscope is the _____
eyepiece
to bring the microscope image into sharper focus, use the _____ adjustment knob
fine
the most important part of the cell, which acts as the control center is the _____
nucleus
structures that can be seen with out eyes alone are considered ____
macroscopic
the majority of cellular respiration takes place in the ______
mitochondria
the jelly-like liquid that makes up the largest part of the cell is the ______
cytoplasm
____ was the 1st person to write a book on cells
robert hooke
the energy unit produced in cellular respiration is ______
ATP
RNA is produced through the process of _____
translation
when gametes unite, the fertilized egg cell is formed is called a ______
zygote
______ was the scientist that used the pea plant to help explain punnett squares
mendel
true or false
the amount of light passing through the microscope slide is determined by the fine adjustment knob
false
true or false
the slide is placed on the part of the microscope is called the stage
true
true or false
a pedigree chart shows a family tree for the traits being studied
true
true or false
transcription is copying RNA into a molecule of DNA
false
true or false
1 difference between a animal cell and a plant cell is a animal cell has a cell wall
false
the idea that nature is God is called ______
pantheism
the maximum # of organisms of a species that a ecosystem can support is called ______
carrying capacity
the struggle against other organisms for needed resources is called _____
competition
the responsibility God gave man to take care of the earth as he uses it is called ______
stewardship
a organism that can make its own food is known as a _____
autotroph
the process in which a new ecosystem develops after a ecosystem is damaged or destroyed is known as a ______
ecological succession
____ is a condition that describes organisms that live in close association with each other
symbiosis
_____ is a organism that consumes detritus but cannot convert it into nutrients for the soil
detritivore
____ organism that feeds on detritus and breaks it into nutrients that are returned to the soil
decomposer
a environment and all its organisms from a ____-
ecosystem
____ is a organism that feed on dead animals instead of hunting live animals are called _____
scavenger
what is a organism’s occupation with in its environment called
niche
the dominant plant species in a biome is called the _____
climax vegetation
in this biome conifers are the dominant vegetation
boreal forest
this biome contains the prairies and the plains and I’d filled with fertile soil
grassland
this biome had no trees because the growing season is too short
tundra
this biome is the hottest and dryest
desert
this biome has a dense canopy of trees, vines, and flowering plants and is a hot humid region near the equator
boreal forest
what type of biochemical cycles recycles nutrients found in soil and rocks
sedimentary cycle
what is the # and variety of species in a environment called
biodiversity
what is the layer of earth where life exists called
biosphere
what nutritional relationship involves 1 animal hunting another animal for food
predation
what happens to a desert that has reached its carrying capacity for rattlesnakes but continues to receive rattlesnakes with in the ecosystem
overpopulation
a organism that feeds on dead and decaying organic matter is a ______
saprophyte
all the organisms of 1 species in a ecosystem is a _____
niche
together all the living things in a ecosystem are the _____
community
the study of how living things interact with each other and their physical environment is called ______
ecology
a organism that relies on other organisms for food is called a ______
heterotroph
all the living factors in a environment are the ____ factors
biotic
all the nonliving factors in the environment are the _____ factors
biotic
the ability of organism to withstand changes within its environment is called the ______
tolerance range
when a organism has the factors that allow it to live at its best is known as _____
optimum range
permantly frozen ground is called a _____
permafrost
____ is the preservation, management, and care of natural resources
conservation
a biome that consists of climax vegetation and the dominant animal species is called ____
climax community
a ____ is a model that shows all the feeding relationship in a ecosystem
food web
a organism that eats plants directly is called a _____
primary consumer
a organism that eats primary consumers is called a _____
secondary consumer
the layer of the biosphere that is made up of the land is called the _____
lithosphere
the layer of the biosphere that contains air is called the ____
atmosphere
the layer of the biosphere that is made up of water is called the ___
hydrophere
