MRSA and VRE As Hospital And Community Pathogens Flashcards
How many of us does s. aureus and MRSA colonise
S. Aureus - 30-40%
MRSA - 2% of us
Where was mec thought to originiate from
Coagulase negative staph e.g. Staph Epidermis –> trying to outcompete other colonies of Staph
How many SCCmec subtypes have so far been identified
11
What transposon carries types II and III
Tn554
This is also enocding resistance to non-B lactam antibiotics
What types of SCCmec are generally associated with HA-MRSA
Types II and III
How many clonal clusters account for the majority of strains of MRSA
11 major clonal clusters account for 70% of colonising and pathogenic strains of MRSA
What clonal cluster of MRSA is most common in the UK
CC8
Describe the resistance of type II and III SCC mec in S. Aureus
Generally 100% resistant to beta-lactams
95% resistant to ciprofloxacin
What was the nasal carraige of MRSA in children in New York in 2005
9%
What subtype is CA-MRSA generally
Type IV –> this is often increased virulence, and PVL positive but often resistant to fewer antibiotics i.e. susceptivle to ciprfloxacin
What is the mortality of MRSA bactaeraemia
40% die within 30 days
huge cost to the NHS of 1 billion per year
When were infection control policies brought into place in the UK to combat MRSA
2004
Caused a massive decrease
What are the regional differences in MRSA frequencies across the UK
Highest rates in London
Lowest rates in Northern England
What clinical infections do eneterococci classically cause
UTI Bactaraemia Endocarditis Periotinits Abdominal Wound Infection Neonatal Spespsis
What is the first line treatment of enterococci
Glycopeptides are the first line of treatment until sensitivieies are known
