Fungal Infections

Question 1

What are mycosis

Answer 1

Infections caused by fungi

Question 2

What mycotoxicosis

Answer 2

Conditions resulting from the ingestion of food contaminated with metablic products of funcig

Question 3

What are the srouces of fungal infections

Answer 3

Commensal
Envirnoment
Inhalation
Traumatic innoculation

Question 4

List hte 3 types of superficial infetions

Answer 4

Dermatophtes –> keratophilic, affect the skin, hair and nails
Candida –> affects, skin, nails and mucous membranes
Malassezia –> lipolphilic affects the skin

Question 5

What are the 3 types of dermatophytes

Answer 5

Anthrophilic
Zoophilic
Geophilic

Question 6

What genus causes the majority of Dermatophye infetison

Answer 6

Trychophytan and Microsporum

Question 7

Is candida a yeast of mould

Answer 7

YEAST!!!

Question 8

Who does candida cause nail infetions

Answer 8

Genearlly only in uncontrolled diabetes or a secondary nail infection frollowing dermatophytes

Question 9

Who can get chronic mucocutaneous candidosis

Answer 9

Those who are immune deficient or with a problem in T cell activation

Question 10

Give the examples ot subcutaneous infections

Answer 10

Sporothrix

Mycemtoma fungi

Question 11

What inflammatory response do you get mycetoma fungi

Answer 11

Generally get granulomatous inflammatory response

Question 12

GIve the 4 example species of deep fungal infections

Answer 12

Mucoromycosis
Aspergillosis
Cyptotococcosis
Candidiosis

Question 13

Give an example of Mucromycosis

Answer 13

Saksenia Vasiformis –> often infects wounds and cuts causing necrosis of tissue origin

Often associated with bomb blast victims

Question 14

What are the characteristic hyphae is mucoromycosis

Answer 14

Have long hyphae with sacs containing spores on the end

Question 15

What is the definiing feature of cytpotoccus

Answer 15

It is a eyars that has a large polysaccharide capsule that may help in its evasion of the eimmune sytsem

Question 16

Can cryptococcus lyse macrophages

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

What is the most common invasive fungal infection

Answer 17

Invasive candidasis

Question 18

What are the symptoms of invasive candidiasis

Answer 18

Osteomyelitis
Disseminated Candidisois
Oesophageal infection
Endocarditis

Question 19

Why is C. Albicans the most pathogenic candida

Answer 19

Produces germ tubes

Can lyse macrophages

Question 20

What is the worryign spread of which type of candida that orginiated in Japan

Answer 20

C. Auris

Question 21

What infections was C. auris associated with

Answer 21

Chronic otitis media
Pneumonias
Diabetic foot infections
Vulvovaginits
Mucosal infections

Question 22

What are all isolates of C. Auris so far resistant to

Answer 22

FLuconazoel

Question 23

Is aspergillus a mould or yeast

Answer 23

Mould

Question 24

What infections can aspergilous cause

Answer 24

Aspergilloma
Invasive Aspergillosis
Oncomychosis (aka tinea unguum)
Otitis Externa
Keratitis
Cutaneous lesion

Question 25

Name the pathogenic fungi that causes Valley Fever

Answer 25

Coccidiodes immitis
Found in the soil
Can create a mass in the lung that can mimic a lung tumour

Question 26

Name the fungi that can casue invasive disaese and is native to Northern and Central America, Eastern and Southern Europe, Eastern Asia, Australia

Answer 26

Histplasma Capsulatum

Question 27

How can histoplasma capsulatum cause disease

Answer 27

Generally subclinicla infection but can reamin alive in scattered pulmonary calcifications and cause serious infection when the patient becomes immunocompromised

Question 28

What species responsible for the largest ever fungal meningitis outbreak

Answer 28

Due to Exserohium species

A fungus that contaminated injectable steroids !! –> was relatively resistant to antifungals and grew well in the steroids caused 64 deaths!