Fungal Infections Flashcards
What are mycosis
Infections caused by fungi
What mycotoxicosis
Conditions resulting from the ingestion of food contaminated with metablic products of funcig
What are the srouces of fungal infections
Commensal
Envirnoment
Inhalation
Traumatic innoculation
List hte 3 types of superficial infetions
Dermatophtes –> keratophilic, affect the skin, hair and nails
Candida –> affects, skin, nails and mucous membranes
Malassezia –> lipolphilic affects the skin
What are the 3 types of dermatophytes
Anthrophilic
Zoophilic
Geophilic
What genus causes the majority of Dermatophye infetison
Trychophytan and Microsporum
Is candida a yeast of mould
YEAST!!!
Who does candida cause nail infetions
Genearlly only in uncontrolled diabetes or a secondary nail infection frollowing dermatophytes
Who can get chronic mucocutaneous candidosis
Those who are immune deficient or with a problem in T cell activation
Give the examples ot subcutaneous infections
Sporothrix
Mycemtoma fungi
What inflammatory response do you get mycetoma fungi
Generally get granulomatous inflammatory response
GIve the 4 example species of deep fungal infections
Mucoromycosis
Aspergillosis
Cyptotococcosis
Candidiosis
Give an example of Mucromycosis
Saksenia Vasiformis –> often infects wounds and cuts causing necrosis of tissue origin
Often associated with bomb blast victims
What are the characteristic hyphae is mucoromycosis
Have long hyphae with sacs containing spores on the end
What is the definiing feature of cytpotoccus
It is a eyars that has a large polysaccharide capsule that may help in its evasion of the eimmune sytsem
Can cryptococcus lyse macrophages
NO
What is the most common invasive fungal infection
Invasive candidasis
What are the symptoms of invasive candidiasis
Osteomyelitis
Disseminated Candidisois
Oesophageal infection
Endocarditis
Why is C. Albicans the most pathogenic candida
Produces germ tubes
Can lyse macrophages
What is the worryign spread of which type of candida that orginiated in Japan
C. Auris
What infections was C. auris associated with
Chronic otitis media Pneumonias Diabetic foot infections Vulvovaginits Mucosal infections
What are all isolates of C. Auris so far resistant to
FLuconazoel
Is aspergillus a mould or yeast
Mould
What infections can aspergilous cause
Aspergilloma Invasive Aspergillosis Oncomychosis (aka tinea unguum) Otitis Externa Keratitis Cutaneous lesion
Name the pathogenic fungi that causes Valley Fever
Coccidiodes immitis
Found in the soil
Can create a mass in the lung that can mimic a lung tumour
Name the fungi that can casue invasive disaese and is native to Northern and Central America, Eastern and Southern Europe, Eastern Asia, Australia
Histplasma Capsulatum
How can histoplasma capsulatum cause disease
Generally subclinicla infection but can reamin alive in scattered pulmonary calcifications and cause serious infection when the patient becomes immunocompromised
What species responsible for the largest ever fungal meningitis outbreak
Due to Exserohium species
A fungus that contaminated injectable steroids !! –> was relatively resistant to antifungals and grew well in the steroids caused 64 deaths!
