Mrs. Sultan cells study guide

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

the basic unit of structure and function in an organism (it’s shape and size contribute to it’s function)

Question 2

Robert Hooke

Answer 2

used microscopes to discover cells

Question 3

microscope

Answer 3

tool used to magnify/enlarge small things

Question 4

cell theory

Answer 4

1. All organisms are made up of 1 or more cells
2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
3. all cells come from cells that already exist

Question 5

organelle

Answer 5

a tiny structure in a cell that performs a function

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

directs all cell activities (similar to the brain of a cell) (like a factory control center)

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

makes Ribosomes (like factory producer/machine)

Question 8

chromatin

Answer 8

contains DNA (genetic material that are instructions for a cell)
DNA= deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 9

nuclear membrane

Answer 9

surrounds the nucleus

Question 10

cell membrane

Answer 10

selectively permeable membrane meaning it only lets specific materials move in and out of the cell (like a factory wall)

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

gel-like material inside the cell. cytosol is part of cytoplasm

function: (To hold and suspend the other organelles ) (like a factory floor)

Question 12

ER (Endoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 12

moves material around in the cell (like a highway)

ER= Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

makes protein and translates messages ( like factory assembly line)

Question 14

golgi complex/bodies

Answer 14

the packaging organelle (sends out protein through vesicles) (sorts and ships protein) (like factory post office)

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

Powerhouse of the cell because it breaks down food molecules and releases energy. (does cellular respiration) ( opposite of Chloroplast) (uses the opposite procedure of photosynthesis) (has its own DNA) (like a factory power generator)

Question 16

Vacuole

Answer 16

storage area in the cell (animals have multiple small ones) (plants have one large one) (like factory storage area)

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

digests waste and worn out cell parts, “cleans” the cell. (like factory clean up crew)

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

contains a green chemical called chlorophyll (absorbs the suns energy and makes a plant green) and allows a plant to make food for itself (like solar panels) (does photosynthesis) (only in plants) (opposite of the mitochondria) (uses the opposite procedure of cellular respiration)

Question 19

cell wall

Answer 19

The outer boundary of a plant cell, rigid and tough, provides support and shape. made in cellulose (only in plants) (like factory fence)

Question 20

prokaryotic

Answer 20

cells that do not have a nucleus, usually unicellular

Question 21

Eukaryotic

Answer 21

cells that have a nucleus and other organelle

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

usable energy

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

Deoxyribonucleic acid (like factory blueprints)

Question 24

label Cell organization

Answer 24

cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

Question 25

chlorophyll

Answer 25

green pigment that absorbs light

Question 26

cell shapes (plant / animal)

Answer 26

plant shape: retangle
animal shape: circle

Question 27

what do chloroplasts make

Answer 27

sugar

Question 28

what do mitochondria make

Answer 28

energy