Mrs. Sultan cells study guide Flashcards
cell
the basic unit of structure and function in an organism (it’s shape and size contribute to it’s function)
Robert Hooke
used microscopes to discover cells
microscope
tool used to magnify/enlarge small things
cell theory
- All organisms are made up of 1 or more cells
- cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
- all cells come from cells that already exist
organelle
a tiny structure in a cell that performs a function
Nucleus
directs all cell activities (similar to the brain of a cell) (like a factory control center)
Nucleolus
makes Ribosomes (like factory producer/machine)
chromatin
contains DNA (genetic material that are instructions for a cell)
DNA= deoxyribonucleic acid
nuclear membrane
surrounds the nucleus
cell membrane
selectively permeable membrane meaning it only lets specific materials move in and out of the cell (like a factory wall)
cytoplasm
gel-like material inside the cell. cytosol is part of cytoplasm
function: (To hold and suspend the other organelles ) (like a factory floor)
ER (Endoplasmic reticulum)
moves material around in the cell (like a highway)
ER= Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
makes protein and translates messages ( like factory assembly line)
golgi complex/bodies
the packaging organelle (sends out protein through vesicles) (sorts and ships protein) (like factory post office)
mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell because it breaks down food molecules and releases energy. (does cellular respiration) ( opposite of Chloroplast) (uses the opposite procedure of photosynthesis) (has its own DNA) (like a factory power generator)
Vacuole
storage area in the cell (animals have multiple small ones) (plants have one large one) (like factory storage area)
lysosomes
digests waste and worn out cell parts, “cleans” the cell. (like factory clean up crew)
Chloroplast
contains a green chemical called chlorophyll (absorbs the suns energy and makes a plant green) and allows a plant to make food for itself (like solar panels) (does photosynthesis) (only in plants) (opposite of the mitochondria) (uses the opposite procedure of cellular respiration)
cell wall
The outer boundary of a plant cell, rigid and tough, provides support and shape. made in cellulose (only in plants) (like factory fence)
prokaryotic
cells that do not have a nucleus, usually unicellular
Eukaryotic
cells that have a nucleus and other organelle
ATP
usable energy
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (like factory blueprints)
label Cell organization
cell, tissue, organ, system, organism
chlorophyll
green pigment that absorbs light
cell shapes (plant / animal)
plant shape: retangle
animal shape: circle
what do chloroplasts make
sugar
what do mitochondria make
energy
