Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL1024 Fundamentals of Biochemistry > mRNA translation > Flashcards

mRNA translation Flashcards

1
Q

translation

A

RNA to protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

protein function

A

metabolism
organisation
structure
development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

condensation reaction

A

peptide bond requires a lot of energy forming polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

location of synthesis

A

cytoplasm in ribosomes

in 5’ to 3’ direction and in N to C direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ribosome contain

A

RNA and protein - complex enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of ribosome

A

read mRNA and translate = amino acid sequence and assemble them to form polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

eukaryotic ribosomes

A

80s containing 60s and 40s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

60s

A

> 49 proteins and 3 rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

40s

A

> 33 proteins and 1 rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prokaryotic ribosomes

A

70s containing 50s and 30s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

50s

A

34 proteins and 2 rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

30s

A

21 proteins and 1 rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

catalysis for ribosomes

A

rRNA components such as ribozymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tRNA

A

75 nucleotides long

adopt folded structure with internal base pairing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribosome structure

A

E-site - exiting of mRNA
P-site - transcription occurs
A-site - mRNA enters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

small ribosomal subunit

A

has mRNA binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inactive proteins

A

when one or two bases are added in RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

active protein

A

adding 3 bases in the RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

singlet code

A

only gives 4 possibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

doublet code

A

gives 16 (4(2)) combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

triplet code

A

64 combination (4(3))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

quartet code

A

256 combination (4(4))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cracking genetic code in in vitro translation

A

polyu - polyphenylalanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dinucleotide

A

alternating e.g. UAUAUAUA

either be UAU or AUA

25
Q

trinucleotide

A

AAGAAGAAG

could be AAG or AGA or GAA

26
Q

tetranucleotide

A

UAUCUAUCUAUCUAUC

could be UAU, AUC, UCU, CUA

27
Q

experimenting on cracking genetic code

if have 76% U and 24% G

A

started at random
8 possibilities
UUU, UUG, UGU, GUU, GUG, GGU, UGG, GGG
likelihood of UUU is 0.760.760.76 = 44%

28
Q

code - triplet

A

degenerate, non-overlapping

and no punctuation

29
Q

code of life - table

A

universal with few exception

30
Q

translation in mitochondria

A

uses specific ribosomes and different sets of tRNA genes

similar system as chloroplast

31
Q

protein synthesis - initiation in bacteria

A

ribosome binding site

has shine-Dalgarno sequence complementary 3’ end of 16s rRNA

32
Q

protein synthesis - initiation in eukaryotes

A

starts AUG from 5’ has good context ; gcc (A/G)ccAUGG

33
Q

adaptor molecule

A

amino acids linked to tRNA

34
Q

first amino acid

A

methionine AUG

35
Q

anticodon

A

complementary to codon triplet on mRNA

36
Q

charging of tRNA

A

activation of amino acids

formation of aminoacyl-tRNA

37
Q

activation of amino acid

A

ATP + amino acid -> amoniacyl adenylate +PPi

38
Q

formation of aminoacyl-tRNA

A

aminoacyl adenylate + tRNA -> aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP

39
Q

aminoacyl-tRNA synthases

A

ensure fidelity of addition

40
Q

addition of further amino acid - elongation

A

translocation
peptidyl-transferase activity
transfers next amino acid onto growing peptide by condensation reaction

41
Q

translocation

A

movement of triplets to triplets

42
Q

peptidyl-transferase activity

A

transferring of the next amino acid

43
Q

mRNA decorating

A

with many ribosomes (polysomes)

move along message at different points of protein synthesis

44
Q

transcription and translation in bacteria

A

coupled - occur at the same time

45
Q

transcription and translation in eukaryotes

A

compartmentalised and then mRNA exported to cytoplasm

46
Q

termination of protein synthesis

A

stop codons

completes polypeptide chain - released

47
Q

ribosomal subunit after termination

A

dissociate and go on new round of initiation

48
Q

stop codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

49
Q

mutation missense

A

change of one base but able to get away with it

50
Q

nonsense

A

change in base to a stop codon - producing shorter protein

51
Q

silent mutation

A

change in base but no change in amino acid

52
Q

frameshift base deletion

A

base deleted - affecting the rest of the chain

53
Q

disrupting - streptomycin

A

freeze initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA

54
Q

tetracycline

A

prevent binding of incoming aminoacyl-tRNA

55
Q

chloramphenicol

A

inhibits peptidyl transferase

56
Q

erytromucin

A

binds to 50s and inhibits translocation

57
Q

puromycin

A

mimics terminals of aminoacyl-tRNA

added onto growing chain causing premature termination

58
Q

one disrupting protein synthesis effect our cells as well

A

puromycin

BIOL1024 Fundamentals of Biochemistry (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions