MRI Quiz - History of MRI

Question 1

• Coined the word “electricity”
• First Realized that the Earth was a giant magnet
• Discovered that heating resulted in the loss of induced magnetism

Answer 1

William GILBERT

1600

Question 2

• Developed a mathematical equation to analyze the heat transfer between solid bodies
• It later becomes the basis for the rapid processing of phase and frequency signals in MRI

Answer 2

Joseph FOURIER

~1807

Question 3

• Discovered that a current flowing through a wire could move a compass needle beside it
• This showed that an electric current could produce a magnetic field

Answer 3

Hans Christian OERSTED

1820

Question 4

• Electromagnetic induction
• Discovered that when a magnet was moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flows through the wire (_______’s law)

Answer 4

Michael FARADAY

1845

Question 5

• Introduced concept of the electromagnetic field
• Equations describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents

Answer 5

James Clerk MAXWELL

1861-1862

Question 6

• Discovered the first rotating magnetic field

- SI unit of magnetic field strength is name after him

Answer 6

Nikola TESLA

1882-1888

Question 7

-Developed equation showing precession of nuclear spins being proportional to magnetic field strength (______ Equation)

Answer 7

Sir Joseph LARMOR

1920’s

Question 8

-Detected and measured single states of rotation of atoms and molecules, determining the magnetic moments of the nuclei (developed molecular beam magnetic resonance by passing a beam of lithium chloride molecules through a magnetic field and then bombarding the beam with radio waves)

Answer 8

Isidor Isaac RABI

1930’s

Question 9

• Stated that the nucleus behaves like a magnet
• Realized that a charged particle, such as a proton, spinning around its own axis has a magnetic field, known as a magnetic momentum

Answer 9

Felix BLOCH

~1946

Question 10

-Discovered the spin echo phenomenon for nuclear magnetic resonance measurements

Answer 10

Erwin HAHN

1949

Question 11

-Wins Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952 for their invention of equipment which could measure the magnetic resonance in such material as solids and fluids

Answer 11

Felix BLOCH and Edward PURCELL

Question 12

-Discovered that malignant tissue had different NMR parameters than normal tissue in the late 1960’s
-Produced the first ever NMR image of a rat tumor in 1974
-In 1977 ________ and his team constructed the first super conducting NMR scanner (known as The Indomitable) and produced the first image of the human body, which took almost 5 hours to scan
-In 1970’s, _______ used an NMR device, showing that there
are different T1 relaxation times between normal and abnormal tissues, in
addition to displaying different tissue types

Answer 12

Raymond DAMADIAN

Question 13

-Described a new imaging technique termed Zeugmatography
-Couples the gradient idea to the CT scanner idea of multiple projections and reconstruction to obtain the first magnetic
resonance image (MRI)
-By utilizing gradients in the magnetic field, this technique was able to produce a 2D image

Answer 13

Paul LAUTERBUR

1972-3

Question 14

• Further developed the use of gradients in the magnetic field and the mathematical analysis of MR signal for a useful imaging technique
• Paul Lauterbur and __________ were awarded with the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine
• Scans the first human image, a finger scan, in 1976

Answer 14

Peter MANSFIELD

Question 15

• Introduced 2D NMR using phase and frequency encoding, and the Fourier Transform
• Instead of Paul Lauterbur’s back-projection, he timely switched magnetic field gradients (‘NMR Fourier Zeugmatography’)

Answer 15

Richard ERNST

1975

Question 16

MAGNEVIST IV Gadolinium contrast gets the first approval by the FDA

Answer 16

Schering

1988