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Clinical Medicine > MRI > Flashcards

MRI Flashcards

1
Q

What is an MRI?

A

non-invasive, cross-sectional imaging technology

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2
Q

What is the most technologically advanced imaging modality to date?

A

MRI

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3
Q

Which imaging modality produces high resolution image without radiation exposure?

A

MRI

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4
Q

An MRI uses a ___________ _____________ & _______________ ____________ to create an image.

A

magnetic field & radiofrequency signals

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5
Q

Images made in an MRI are based on measurements of what?

A

electrons emitted from hydrogen protons

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6
Q

What are the 3 components of an MRI?

A

magnetic field, radiofrequency, and three gradient coils

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7
Q

What do the three gradient coils provide?

A

“slices” in any direction

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8
Q

Radiofrequency Coils

A

transmits a radiofrequency pulse, which alters alignment of protons

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9
Q

How long does an MRI take?

A

20-90 minutes

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10
Q

Axial

A

feet are coming toward you

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11
Q

Sagittal

A

Left to right

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12
Q

Coronal

A

Front to back

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13
Q

What are the two different views provided w/an MRI?

A

T1 & T2

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14
Q

How does water appear in a T1 view?

A

darker

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15
Q

How does fat appear in a T1 view?

A

bright white

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16
Q

How does water appear in a T2 view?

A

bright white

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17
Q

How does fat appear in a T2 view?

A

darker

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18
Q

What is the T1 view best used for?

A

anatomic detail

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19
Q

What is the T2 view best used for?

A

pathological conditions & inflammation

20
Q

Gyri

A

folds of the brain

21
Q

Sulci

A

indentations or grooves of the brain

22
Q

Where does the CSF fill into?

A

sulci, fissures & ventricles

23
Q

What are the ABCDES of examining an MRI?

A

Alignment
Bone Signal
Canal Space/CNS
Disc Integrity
Edema
Soft Tissues

24
Q

Fracture lines appear as low-signal or dark on T1, T2, or both?

A

both

25
Q

Edema (inflammation)

A

abnormal fluid

26
Q

How does edema appear on T1 view?

A

low intensity (darker)

27
Q

How does edema appear on T2 view?

A

high intensity (bright white)

28
Q

How does muscular atrophy appear on T1 view?

A

bright white (fat)

29
Q

How does muscular atrophy appear on T2 view?

A

bright white (fluid)

30
Q

How is a Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) adjusted? What adjustments are made to the image?

A

adjusted T1 image that suppresses fat (dark) & enhances fluid (bright white)

31
Q

How is Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) adjusted? What adjustments are made?

A

adjusted T2 image that suppresses normal CSF fluid (makes it darker) to highlight other abnormalities

32
Q

When is FLAIR commonly used?

A

brain imaging

33
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

A

abnormal build up of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

34
Q

What is the effect of NPH on the brain? How does it appear on an MRI?

A

increases pressure on the brain

increase in ventricle size
brain being “squished”

35
Q

What is the gold standard for intraarticular pathologies such as SLAP tears, labrum tears, & RTC tears?

A

coronal MR anthrography (MRA)

36
Q

What are hip MRI indications?

A

labrum

37
Q

What are knee MRI indications?

A

meniscus, cruciate ligaments, & collateral ligaments

38
Q

What are ankle/foot MRI indications?

A

stress & navicular fx

39
Q

What are shoulder MRI indications?

A

rotator cuff

40
Q

What are elbow MRI indications?

A

tendons

41
Q

What are wrist/hand MRI indications?

A

scaphoid & lunate fx

42
Q

What are the pros of an MRI?

A
  • increased soft tissue detail & contrast
  • imaging in multiple planes w/o patient repositioning
  • changes & variations in bone marrow
  • NO IONIZING RADITION EXPOSURE
43
Q

What are the cons of an MRI?

A
  • expensive
  • less available than a CT
  • increased time
  • claustrophobia
  • requires safety check
44
Q

What are safety considerations for an MRI?

A
  • patient to answer safety screening beforehand
  • assess for absolute or relative contraindications
45
Q

What are contraindications to using an MRI?

A
  • morbid obesity
  • claustrophobia
  • pediatrics
  • kidney disease
  • pregnancy

Clinical Medicine (5 decks)

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