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Clinical Medicine > Chest Radiography > Flashcards

Chest Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

What are the standard views for chest radiography?

A

posteroanterior (PA) & lateral

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2
Q

What are additional views for chest radiography?

A

anteroposterior

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3
Q

What is the preferred view for chest radiography? Why?

A

posteroanterior (PA) because AP view will over-magnify the heart

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4
Q

What is the ABCDEF checklist for reading a chest radiograph?

A

Airways
Bones
Cardiac
Diaphragm
Effusion
Fields of lungs

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5
Q

At what spinal level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4-5

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6
Q

Pneumothorax

A

abnormal presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity which impairs oxygenation & ventilation

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7
Q

If there is a L pneumothorax, which way will the trachea deviate?

A

deviates contralaterally to the right

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8
Q

If there is a R pneumothorax, which way will the trachea deviate?

A

deviates contralaterally to the left

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9
Q

Atelectasis

A

partial or complete collapse of the lung due to loss alveolar air volume

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10
Q

If there is R atelectasis, which way will the trachea deviate?

A

deviates ipsilaterally to the right

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11
Q

If there is L atelectasis, which way will the trachea deviate?

A

deviates ipsilaterally to the left

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12
Q

Cardiothoracic Ratio

A

cardiac width should measure less then half the thoracic width at level of diaphragm (only applies to PA view)

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13
Q

What is a normal diaphragm shape?

A
  • curved
  • right side higher than left side
  • level w/10th posterior rib or intercostal space
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14
Q

Where are costophrenic angles?

A

intersection of each hemidiaphragm & lateral chest wall

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15
Q

How do normal costophrenic angles appear?

A

clearly visible as well-defined, sharp angles

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16
Q

How do abnormal costophrenic angles appear?

A

loss of acute angle

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17
Q

What view is the loss of acute costophrenic angle seen earliest?

A

lateral view

18
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

excess fluid in the pleural cavity produced by an underlying condition

19
Q

What are the four types of fluid accumulation?

A
  1. hydrothorax
  2. hemothorax
  3. chylothorax
  4. pyothorax
20
Q

Hydrothorax

A

collection of serous fluid in the pleural cavity

21
Q

Hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

22
Q

Chylothorax

A

collection of lymph fluid in the pleural cavity

23
Q

Pyothorax

A

collection of pus in the pleural cavity

24
Q

With a pleural effusion, how does the fluid move within the lung?

A

moves down w/gravity to the base of the lung

25
Q

Radiographically, what does a pleural effusion cause?

A

loss of acute costophrenic angles or visible concave surface

26
Q

How far do the pulmonary vascular markings extend?

A

extend to the edges of the lungs

27
Q

If the lung field appears too white, what might this indicate?

A

atelectasis & pleural effusion

28
Q

If the lung appears too black, what might this indicate?

A

pneumothorax & COPD

29
Q

Duplex Ultrasound

A

non-invasive form of ultrasounds using high frequency sound waves to identify gross circulation anomalies

30
Q

Duplex ultrasound is the modality of choice for evaluation of what conditions?

A
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • venous insufficiency
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • renal disease
  • aortoiliac disease
31
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot within a deep vein

32
Q

What are signs and symptoms of DVT?

A

erythema, warmth, swelling in extremities, pitting edema, extremity tenderness, prominent superficial veins

33
Q

If you suspect DVT, do you continue treatment?

A

NO!

34
Q

What are the two modes of ultrasound used?

A

b-mode & doppler

35
Q

What kind of image does b-mode ultrasound obtain?

A

two-dimensional, greyscale image of the vessel being studied

36
Q

What does b-mode ultrasound allow us to visualize?

A

vascular compression vs. non compression

37
Q

Arteries are _________ compressible, whereas veins are __________ compressible.

A

minimally, normally

38
Q

What does doppler ultrasound evaluate?

A

velocity & direction of blood flow in a vessel

39
Q

If the blood cells are moving away from the transducer, reflected waves return at a ____________ rate/frequency.

A

lower

40
Q

If the blood cells are moving toward the transducer, reflected waves return at a __________ rate/frequency.

A

higher

41
Q

Doppler Effect

A

blood flowing within a vein changes the sound waves

42
Q

What confirms the diagnosis of DVT?

A

absence of blood flow

Clinical Medicine (5 decks)

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