MRCS Anatomy Flashcards
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Lateral - sartorius
Medial - adductor longus
Superior - inguinal ligament
Which muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially
Break down femoral triangle vs sheath vs canal?
Femoral triangle = contains NAVEL
Femoral sheath = artery, vein and canal
Femoral canal = lymphatic and empty space
What vertebral level does the IVC pierce diaphragm?
T8
What 2 things pass through caval opening of diaphragm? Orientation?
IVC medially and right phrenic nerve laterally
Where does the right phrenic nerve pierce diaphragm?
T8 laterally to IVC
What level does esophagus enter diaphragm? With what else? Orientation?
T10
With left and right gastric arteries and veins, (med and lat) right vagus (posterior) left vagus (anterior)
What level do the vagus nerves pierce diaphgram? Where?
T10 through split of diaphragm, left anterior to esophagus right posterior to esophagus
Where is the caval opening of diaphragm?
T8 - Central tendon
What level does aorta traverse diaphragm? With what? Orientation?
T12
With azygos vein (right anterior) and thoracic duct (right posterior)
Where do azygos vein and thoracic duct pass through diaphragm?
T12 with aorta
What ligament lies forms anterior of aortic opening of diaphragm?
Median arcuate ligament
Which nerves pierce the left and right crus of diaphragm? Orientation?
Greater (anterior) and lesser (posterior) splanchnic nerves
Anterior to posterior of diaphgram apertures?
T8 anterior caval
T10 middle esophageal
T12 posterior aortic
Where is the transpyloric plane? Anatomical vertebral level?
Horizontal line midway between suprasternal notch (T2/3) and pubic symphysis
L1 vertebral level
What level is suprasternal notch?
T2/3
Pretty Pretty Please Feed Him Some Love Dude, Damn of things at L1 transpyloric plane level?
Pancreatic neck Pylorus Portal vein origin Fundus of gb Hila of kidneys and spleen SMA origin L1 and lower spinal cord D2 of duodenum DJ flexure
Which part of pancreas is at level of transpyloric plane?
Neck
Which parts of duodenum are at transpyloric plane?
D2 and DJ flexure
Which vertebral level is transpyloric plane?
L1
Which vessels are at level of transpyloric plane?
Portal vein origin, SMA, hila of kidneys and spleen
Which costal cartilage level is at transpyloric plane?
9th costal cartilate
Which part of colonic mesentery is at level of transpyloric plane?
Transverse mesocolon
What are the boundaries of the perineum?
Posterior - tip of coccyx
Lateral - inferior ramus of pubis, ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous lig on each side
Anterior - pubic arch and arcuate ligament of pubis
Floor - skin and fascia
Roof - pelvic floor
What is the perineal body and which 6 things make it?
Fibromuscular mass at junction of ant and post triangles of perineum, made of:
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
Anterior fibres levator ani
Urethral sphincter fibres
External anal sphincter
Which 3 muscles are in the superficial perineal pouch?
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosius
Ischiocavernosus
Nerve for cutaneous innervation of thumb?
Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
What nerve innervates the thenar muscles?
Recurrent branch of median nerve
What nerve innervation deep muscles of anteiror forearm?
Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve
Palmar digital branch of median nerve innervates?
Palmar surface of index middle and 1/2 of ring finger
Fingertips of above
Which nerve is responsible for tingliness in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Palmar digital branch of median nerve
5 bones navicular articulates with?
3 cuneiforms
Cuboid
Talus
Calcaneus articulates with which 2 bones?
Cuboid and talus
4 bones talus articulates with?
Tibia
Fibula
Navicular
Calcaneus
Where is the cuboid bone?
Lateral foot - anterior to calcaneus and postterior to 4th and 5th metatarsals
Curtis can’t count bones, never took calculus of 7 tarsal bones?
Cuneiform medial Cuneiform intermediate Cunieform lateral CuBoid Navicular Talus Calcaneus
What is the arcuate line and what is it anatomical marker for?
Horizontal line 3-5cm below umbilicus
Where inferior epigastric vessels pierce through rectus abdominis
What is the linea semilunaris and its importance?
Spigelian line - where hernia form- line joining tip of 9th costal cartilage to pubic tubercle
What is the transtubuercular plane and its clinical relevance?
Horizontal line passing through iliac tubercles marking location of L5 and confluence of common iliacs to form IVC
Blood vessels encountered directly below campers fascia?
Superficial inferior epigastric artery and vein
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
External urethral orifice
What are the parts of the male urethra?
Preprostatic Prostatic Membranous (within deep perineal pouch) - external urethral sphincter here Spongy part
Where is the external urethral sphincter in men?
In membranous part of penis - in deep perineal pouch
Where is the navicular fossa?
Just before external urethral orifice - spongy part
What is the widest part of male urethra?
Prostatic part
What does ilioinguinal nerve do? 3 sensory regions and 2 motor roles
Supplies sensation to skin over medial aspect of thigh, upper scrotum and penile root
Inmervation to internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis
Ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of which nerve root?
L1
Cremasteric muscle is innervated by?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lab markers suggestive of hemolytic anaemia?
Low Hb Raised MCV and reticulocytes Unconjugated raised bilirubin Reduced haptoglobins Elevated urine urobilinogen Stercobilinogen in faeces
Femoral nerve innervates what?
Anterior compartment of thigh musculature Anteromedial thigh (anterior cutaneous branch) Medial leg (saphenous branch)
What muscles does obtruator nerve innervate?
Adductor muscles
Common peroneal nerve innervates what? Branch from?
Branch from sciatic
Skin to upper lateral leg (lateral sural cutaneous)
Lower posterolateral leg skin (sural nerve)
Dorsum of foot
Motor - short head biceps femoris, then superficial and deep peroneal nerve to lateral and anteiror compartments of leg
Injury to neck of fibula can injure what nerve? Sx?
Common peroneal nerve
Leads to foot drop, loss of dorsiflexion and loss of sensation to dorsum of foot and lateral leg
Tibial nerve supplies what? Branch from?
Branch from sciatic
Innervates skin to lateral leg and foot and plantar surface of foot
Muscles of posterior leg compartment and hamstring part of adductor magnus
What does ansa cervicalis innervate?
Strap muscles
Vocal hoarseness may be due to which nerve injury?
Recurrent laryngeal
Anterior wall of inguinal canal?
Aponeuroses of internal and external obliques
Posterior wall of inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
Roof of inguinal canal?
Arching fibres of transversalis abdominis and internal obliques
Autonomic supply to duodenum?
Sympathetic nerves from coeliac plexus
Parasympathetic from hepatic and coeliac branches
What is the hepatoduodenal ligament and where does it connect?
From D1 duodenal bulb to inferior part of liver
Blood supply of duodenum?
D1 - coeliac via right gastroepiploic and gastric
D2-4 - from SMA
Lengths of duodenum parts?
D1 - 2inch
D2 - 3inch
D3 - 4
D4 -1
SAD PUCKER of retroperitoneal structures?
Suprarenal glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (second half) Pancreas Ureters Colon ascending and descending Kidneys Esophagus Rectum
3 parts of the spongy urethra?
Navicular fossa
Pendulous
Bulbous
MAFFIAH of muscles supplied by ulnar nerve?
Median 2 lumbricals Adductor policis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundis medial half Interossei Abductor digiti minimi Hypothenar eminence
What brachial plexus does ulnar nerve arise from?
Medial cord - C8-T1
What is Froments sign?
Ulnar nerve entrapment causing flexion of ITP of thumb via FPL when holding piece of paper with thumb and forefinger, due to weakness of adductor policis
Anterior interosseus nerve - branch from what? Motor and sensory?
Branches from median nerve
No sensory
Motor to deep muscles of forearm except ulnar half of FDP - flexor policis longus, pronator quadratus, radial half FDP
Outline lower limb arterial anatomy and major nerve links?
Common iliac - external iliac becomes common fem
Common fem to SFA and PF
SFA becomes popliteal which splits to ant tibial and tibioperoneal trunk
Ant tibial becomes dorsalis pedis
Tibioperoneal trunk becomes post tibial and peroneal
Ant tibial art runs with deep peroneal nerve
Popliteal artery next to tibial nerve
Outline lower limb arterial anatomy and major nerve links?
Common iliac - external iliac becomes common fem
Common fem to SFA and PF
SFA becomes popliteal which splits to ant tibial and tibioperoneal trunk
Ant tibial becomes dorsalis pedis
Tibioperoneal trunk becomes post tibial and peroneal
Ant tibial art runs with deep peroneal nerve
Popliteal artery next to tibial nerve
Which nerve runs with anterior tibila artery?
Deep peroneal nerve
Which nerve runs with anterior tibila artery?
Deep peroneal nerve
Which nerve runs with popliteal artery?
Tibial nerve
Outline venous drainage of arm?
Cephalic vein starts distal, superficially and laterally
Basilic vein is medial
Two link in ACF via median cubital vein
Basilic joined by deep brachial to form axillary
Axillary joined by subscapular vein
Axillary and cephalic join to subclavian
What forms the subclavian vein?
Axillary and cephalic with subscapular
What forms the axillary vein?
Basilic and brachial veins
Outline arterial supply of upper limb?
Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery
Axillary becomes brachial
Brachial splits to radial and ulnar with interosseus branch
What arteries supply upper rectum? From which?
Superior rectal
From IMA
Which arteries supply lower rectum? From?
Inferior rectal - from internal pudendal, from internal iliac
Where does the inferior pudendal artery arise from?
Internal iliac
What is the venous drainage of upper rectum?
Superior rectal vein into IMV
What is the venous drainage of distal rectum?
Inferior rectal veins into inferior pudendal vein
Where does lymph from upper rectum drain?
Mesorectal and internal iliac nodes
Where does lymph from lower rectum drain?
Superficial inguinal nodes
What are the 4 muscles function and nerve of anterior lower limb compartment?
Extensor digitorum and hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
Innervated by deep peroneal - for dorsiflexion mostly
2 muscles and function and nerve of peroneal compartment?
Peroneus longus and brevis- eversion
Superficial peroneal nerve
3 muscles function and nerve of deep posterior compartment of lower limb?
Flexor digitorum and hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
Tibial nerve
For plantarflexion
2 muscles nerve and function of superficial compartment lower limb?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
Tibial nerve
Plantarflexion
Nerve root of femoral nerve?
L2 3 4
3 branches of femoral nerve?
Saphenous nerve
Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of thigh
7 muscles innervated by femoral nerve?
Quadriceps femoris Vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedialis Pectineus Sartorius Rectus femoris
What forms the walls and roof of adductor (subsartorial) canal?
Roof is sartorius
Lat wall is vastus medialis
Posterior is adductor longus and magnus
What 3 things are in the adductor canal?
Saphenous nerve
SFA
SFV
Outline 4 muscles and nerves of rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus - suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis - superior and inferior subscapular nerves
Teres minor - axillary nerve
Where do rotator cuff muscles insert? 1 exception?
Greater tuberosity of humerus
Exception is subscapularis - inserts on lesser tuberosity
Which 2 rotator cuff muscles externally rotate shoulder?
Infraspinatus and teres minor
What rotator cuff muscle internally rotates shoulder? How come?
Subscapularis - because it attaches to lesser tuberosity
What nerve and vessels are at posterior edge of rotator cuff?
Suprascapular nerve and vessels
What nerve vessels are inferior to rotator cuff?
Circumflex humeral vessels
Axillary nerve
What is anteriorly related to rotator cuff?
Brachial plexus
Axillary artery and vein
Outline drainage of Parotid duct?
Stensons duct -crosses masseter, pierces Buccinatorr and drains adjacent to 2nd upper molar
What 4 structures pass through the parotid gland? 2nerves 1 artery 1 vein
2 nerves - facial and auriculotemporal
External carotid artery
Retromandibular vein
What lymph nodes does parotid drain to?
Deep cervical nodes
Sensory innervation to parotid?
Greater auricular nerve
Which cords form medial nerve? Roots?
C5-T1
Lateral and medial cords
What is the relation between median nerve and axillary artery?
Crosses anterior to 3rd part of axillary artery
What is the relation between median nerve and brachial artery?
Lateral initially, then crosses anteriorly to medial side at elbow
What muscle heads does median nerve pass between and on deep surface of which muscle does it run?
Between heads of pronator teres and on deep surface of flexor digitorum superficialis
What does median nerve damage at elbow result in?
Carpal tunnel plus anterior interosseus nerve palsy I.e. weakness of forearm pronation, flexion and ulnar wrist deviation
Where does anterior interosseus nerve come from?
Median nerve just below elbow
Anterior interosseus nerve innervates? 2.5 muscles
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Half of FDP
Action of anterior interosseus nerve?
Pronate forearm, flex thumb and flex index finger (+ deep muscles of forearm)
What is the lateral most tarsal bone?
Cuboid
What are the anterior most tarsal bones?
Cuboid laterally, cuneiforms medially
What tarsal bone forms the heal?
Calcaneus
Which is more anterior- navicilar or talus?
Navicular
Carpal bones in order?
Scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform
Trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
Which cardiac vein drains directly into right atrium?
Anterior cardiac vein
Blood supply to heart?
Aortic sinus - right and left coronary arteries
RCA to right marginal and posterior descending arteries
LCA to LAD, left marginal, circumflex and diagonal branches
What does right coronary artery supply?
Right atrium, diaphragmatic RV, Posterior 1/3 UV septum and the nodes
What does left coronary artery supply?
Left atrium and ventricle, part of right ventricle, anteiror 2/3 of IV septum and apex
Where is foramen ovale of skull? What 5 things go through it?
Sphenoid bone
Emissary veins, V3, otic ganglion and accessory meningeal artery and lesser petrosal nerve
What bone is foramen spinosum in? What 2 things go through it?
Sphenoid bone
MMA and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
Foramen rotundum is in what bone? What 1 thing goes through it?
Sphenoid - V2
What 4 foramina are in sphenoid bone?
Ovale
Spinosum
Rotundum
Superior orbital fissure
What goes through foramen lacerum?
Atery and berve of pterygoid canal
What bone is jugular foramen in? What 6 things go through?
Temporal bone Inferior petrosal sinus anteriorly CN 9-11 Sigmoid sinus into IJV posteriorly Meningeal branches of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries
What bone is foramen magnum in? What 4 things go through?
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Vertebral arteries
Medulla
Stylomastoid foramen location and 2 things passing through?
Temporal bone
Facial nerve and stylomastoid artery
What bone is superior orbital fissure in? 6 things going through?
Sphenoid CN 3 4 and 6 V1 - lacrimal frontal and nasocilisry branches Recurrent meningeal artery Superior ophthalmic vein
4 things going through inferior orbital foramen?
Zygomatic branch of V2
Ascending branches of pharyngopalatine ganglion
Infraorbital vessels
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Posterior interosseus nerve is a branch of? What does it do?
Radial
Innervates supinator, abductor policis longus, extensors
Origin of ulnar nerve roots?
C8/T1
Where in relation to flexor retinaculum does ulnar nerve run?
Superficial
What nerve innervates palmaris brevis?
Ulnar
What nerve innervates palmaris longus?
Median
What does ulnar nerve injury at wrist cause?
Claw hand
Hypothenar wasting
Loss of sensation in medjal 1.5 fingers
Positive Froment sign
Positive froment sign suggests?
Ulnar nerve lesion distal to elbow
What are the 7 parts of the ICA?
Cervical Petrous Lacerum Cavernous Clinoid Ophthalmic Communicating
What is the first intraDural part of the ICA?
Ophthalmic part
What nerve innervates lat dorsi? Roots and job?
Thoracodorsal
C6 7 8
Adducts shoulder
What nerve and roots innervate pectoral major?
Medial and lateral pectoral, C8 and C67
Roots of long thoracic nerve?
C5 6 7
What nerve and root innervates rhomboid? What does this do?
Dorsal scapular - C5
Stabilises scapula
Where do the roots of the brachial plexus come out?
Between anterior and medial scalenes, in posterior triangle of neck
What is the relationship between trunks of brachial plexus and subclavian artery and first rib?
Trunks run through posterior triangle of neck, over first rib, behind SCA
What are the 5 bits of the brachial plexus?
Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Terminal branches
How many divisions of brachial plexus are there?
6 - 3 anterior which flex, 3 posterior which extend
How many divisions of brachial plexus are there?
6 - 3 anterior which flex, 3 posterior which extend
What are the 3 brachial plexus cords and what do they relate to?
Relating to second part of SCA
Lateral, medial and posterior
What are the 3 brachual plexus trunks?
Superior, middle and inferior
Where do majority of extra nerves from brachual plexus come from?
Cords (7)
Where do the terminal branches of the brachial plexus arrive in relation to SCA?
Around 3rd part
Where is the transpyloric plane?
Horizontal plane half way between suprasternal notch (T2/3) and pubic symphysis, at L1 vertebral body
Pretty pretty please feed him some love, damn Daniel of transpyloric plane contents?
Portal vein origin Pancreatic neck Pylorus Fundus of GB Hila of kidneys and spleen SMA origin Lower spinal cord andL1 D2 of Duodenum DJ flexure 9th costal cartilage
Which costal cartilage is at transpyloric plane level?
9th
Which vagus nerve is more anterior in relation to oesophagus?
Left
What runs through central tendon aperture of diaphragm at T8?
IVC medially
Right phrenic nerve and liver lymph laterally
Which nerves pierce the crura of the diaphgram?
Greater and lesser splanchnics
What goes througg T10 of diaphgram through split of right crus?
Left vagus anteriorly
Oesophagus and left and right gastric vessels
Right vsgus posteriorly
What goes through aortic aperture of diaphragm just behind median arcuate lig?
T12 - aorta
Azygos vein anteriorly
Thoracic duct posteriorly
What is the apex and base of thyroid gland?
Apex is thyroid cartilage lamina
Base is 4th and 5th tracheal ring
Posterolateral relations of thyroid?
Carotid sheath
What nerve is next to superior thyorid artery?
External laryngeal
What nevre is next to inferior thyroid artery?
Recurrent larngyeal
Which artery is next to recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Inferiro thyroid
Which artery is next to external laryngeal nerve?
Superior thyroid artery
Outline blood supply to thyroid?
Superior TA - first branch of ECA
Inferior TA - from TC trunk, from SCA
Thyroid ima - from brachiocephalic artery or aorta
Venous drainage of thyroid?
Sup and med thyroid veins to IJV
Inf thyroid veins to brachiocephalic
Which ligament supports the medial longitudinal arch? How?
Deltoid ligament - holds talus to medial malleolus
What forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum of foot
What embryologically forms parathyroids?
Brachial pouch - upper 4th, lower 3rd
Floor of anatomical snuffbox?
Scaphoid and trapezium
Which nerve innervates skin over femoral triangle and can be damaged within femoral sheath?
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
What is pectineus innervated by?
Femoral nerve
Nerve supply to anal canal?
Above dentate line to internal sphninter is SNS vis pelvis plexus
Pelvic splanchjnjc for PNS
Why is prostate Ca commonly metastatic via blood e.g. to bone?
Venous plexus extensive around prostate
What is the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
Anterior wall of inguinal canal?
External oblique
Posterior wall of inguinal canal? What strengthens it medially
Transversalis fascia
Conjoint lig medially
Medial ceiling of the inguinal canal?
Conjoint tendon
Level of trachea bifurcation?
T4
Levels of insulin, proinsulin and C peptide in insulinoma?
All high
Boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Floor is inguinal lig
Ant is external oblique aponeurosis
Post is transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon medially
Roof is transversus abdominis and internal oblique
2 SALP MALT for inguinal canal?
Superior - 2 Muscles- transversus abdominis and internal oblique
Anterior - 2 aponeurosis - ext oblique, int laterally
fLoor- 2 ligs - inguinal lig and lacunar lig
Posterior - 2 Ts- transversalis fascia and conjoint Tendon
What is the mid inguinal point? Significance?
Half way between ASIS and pubic symphysis
Femoral artery marking
Whst is the midway point of the inguinal xanal? Significance?
Midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle
Superficial inguinal ring
9+ 1 contents of inguinal canal/spermatic cord in males?
3 arteries - testicular, cremasteric, to Vas
3 fascia- ext spermatic, int spermatic, cremasteric
3 other - vas, Pampiniform plexus, lymph
1 nerve - genital branch genfem
What nerve runs through superficial inguinal ring and with inguinal canal but not though it?
Ilioinguinal
What goes through inguinal canal in women?
Round lig only and genital branch genfem nerve
Difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias? With inferior epigastrics?
Direct = not through inguinal canal, medial to inf epigastrics Indirect= through canal, lateral to inf epigastrics
Relate the layers of abdo wall to scrotim/testicle covering?
Skin - scrotum
Superficial fascia- dartos fascia and muscle
Ext oblique aponeurosis- ext spermatic fascia
Int oblique muscle and fascia - cremaster
Transversalis fascia- int spermatic fascia
Peritoneum - processus/tunica vaginalis
Layers of scrotum? She Decides Everything, Complain In Testicle
Scrotum Dartos fascia and muscle Ext spermatic fascia Cremaster Int spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis
Relation of inf epigastrics to inguinal canal/rings?
Passes anteriorly to canal, medial to deep ring, lateral to superficial ring
What forms the deep inguinal ring?
Transversalis fascia
What forms the superficial inguinal ring?
Evagination of external oblique
Which nerve is most at risk in hernia repairs?
Ilioinguinal
Direct vs inguinal hernia?
Direct goes straight through post wall i.e. through transveralis fascia
Indirect goes through deep ring of fascia and through canal
What does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?
External iliac
What does the cremasteric reflex? Sensory and motor?
Genfem nerve - motor bit is genital branch
Or ilioinguinal - sensory bit of medial thigh
Usefulness of cremasteric reflex in testicular problems?
Absent in torsion
Exaggerated in epididimitis
Whst does iliohypogsstric nerve do?
Sensory over lateral gluteal/pubis
Motor to internal oblique and transverse abdominis
Nerves to ext oblique muscle?
Thoracoabdominal T7-11
Subcostal T12
What is Hesslbachs triangle? Remember RIP
Lateral - inferior epigastrics
Medial - lateral rectus sheath (linea semilunaris)
Base - inguinal lig
What is found at the sternal angle? Which level?
T4 (/5 IV disc)
2nd pair of CCs
Carina of trachea
Thoracic duct travels right ot left behind esophagus
Ligamentium arteriosum
Left rec laryngeal nerve around aortic arch
What will a posterior duodenal ulcer bleed through?
Gastroduodenal
What will a lesser curve ulcer bleed through?
Left gastric
Which ant or post do perfed ulcers usually occur?
Anterior
What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?
Preprostatic
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
Where is the membranous part of the male urethra? Significance?
In deep perineal pouch
Ext urethral sphincter is here
Where is external urethral sphincter which part of urethra?
Membranous
Where is internal urethral sphincter?
Preprostatic part
Where do bulbourethral glands open?
Proximal spongy Urethra just past membranous part
What is the most distal part of urethra before opening? Dilated bit
Navicular fossa
Sixties Teens Love Sex and Pot of branches of axillary artery? How are they divided?
Superior thoracic - 1 Thoracoacromial -2 Lateral thoracic -2 Subscapular -3 Ant -3 Post humeral circumflex -3 Medial, deep to and lateral to pec minor
What muscle divides up axillary artery?
Pec minor
VIT C D of subclavian artery branches? How is this divided?
Vertebral - 1 Internal thoracic -1 Thyrocervical trunk -1 Costocervical -2 Dorsal scapular -3 Divided by scalenus anterior
3 borders roof and floor of anatomical snuffbox?
Medial - tendon extensor pollicis longus Lateral - tendons of ext pol brev and abductor pol long Prox - styloid process Floor - scaphoid and trapezium Roof - skin
PISS in big and POO in little holes of greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
PISS greater sciatic foramen Pudendal nerve and vessels, post cut nerve of thigh, piriformis Inferior gluteal NAV Sciatic nerve Superior gluteal NAV
POO lesser
Pudendal NAV
Obturator internus muscle
Obturnator internus nerve
Whst is the only thing going through suprapiriform notch of greater sciatic foramen?
Superior gluteal NAV
What are the 3 things passing through greater into lesser sciatic notch?
Pudendal nerve and Art
Nerve to obturator
Boundaries of ACF?
Medially - pronator teres
Laterally - brachioradialis
Floor - brachialis and supinator
Roof - bicipital aponeurosis, deep fascia and median cubital vein
What does positive trendelenburg test indicate?
Hip abductor weakness on affected side (glut med and min) - may be superior inf nerve issue
What does inferior alveolar nerve innervate? From?
Motor to mylohyoid and ant belly digastrics
Senskry to teeth, chin and lower lip
From V3
What does lingual nerve innervate?
Sensory to ant 2 3 of tongue
What innervates sensation to angle of jaw?
Greater auricular nerve
What joins to form portal vein? What level? In relation to panc?
Splenic vein and SMV
At L2
Posterior to panc neck
IMV drains into?
Splenic vein
How do you enter lesser sac of abdomen?
Finger in epiploic foramen from peritoneal cavity
What is the hepatoduodenal lig? Significance? Order ant to post?
Free edge of lesser omentum
Contains portal vein, hepatic artery, CBD
Can occlude with pringle maneuver
Duct Artery Vein
What separates anteiror and posterior eye Chambers?
Iris
Power features of bipolar diathermy?
Low voltage, low current, high frequency
Red white and blue and air 2 of sternal angle?
Aorta arch Thoracic duct crossover Azygos into SVC Trachea bif 2nd CC
Which lobes of prostate enlarge in BPH vs cancer?
Medial in BPH
Post in cancer
What is a littres hernia?
Meckel div in sac
What is a amyand hernia?
Appendix through hernia sac
Acute renal tubule dysfunction can be treated with what medication?
Osmotic diuretics
