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MRCS Part A > MRCS Anatomy > Flashcards

MRCS Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral - sartorius
Medial - adductor longus
Superior - inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Which muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

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3
Q

Break down femoral triangle vs sheath vs canal?

A

Femoral triangle = contains NAVEL
Femoral sheath = artery, vein and canal
Femoral canal = lymphatic and empty space

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4
Q

What vertebral level does the IVC pierce diaphragm?

A

T8

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5
Q

What 2 things pass through caval opening of diaphragm? Orientation?

A

IVC medially and right phrenic nerve laterally

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6
Q

Where does the right phrenic nerve pierce diaphragm?

A

T8 laterally to IVC

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7
Q

What level does esophagus enter diaphragm? With what else? Orientation?

A

T10

With left and right gastric arteries and veins, (med and lat) right vagus (posterior) left vagus (anterior)

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8
Q

What level do the vagus nerves pierce diaphgram? Where?

A

T10 through split of diaphragm, left anterior to esophagus right posterior to esophagus

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9
Q

Where is the caval opening of diaphragm?

A

T8 - Central tendon

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10
Q

What level does aorta traverse diaphragm? With what? Orientation?

A

T12

With azygos vein (right anterior) and thoracic duct (right posterior)

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11
Q

Where do azygos vein and thoracic duct pass through diaphragm?

A

T12 with aorta

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12
Q

What ligament lies forms anterior of aortic opening of diaphragm?

A

Median arcuate ligament

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13
Q

Which nerves pierce the left and right crus of diaphragm? Orientation?

A

Greater (anterior) and lesser (posterior) splanchnic nerves

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14
Q

Anterior to posterior of diaphgram apertures?

A

T8 anterior caval
T10 middle esophageal
T12 posterior aortic

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15
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane? Anatomical vertebral level?

A

Horizontal line midway between suprasternal notch (T2/3) and pubic symphysis
L1 vertebral level

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16
Q

What level is suprasternal notch?

A

T2/3

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17
Q

Pretty Pretty Please Feed Him Some Love Dude, Damn of things at L1 transpyloric plane level?

A 
Pancreatic neck
Pylorus
Portal vein origin
Fundus of gb
Hila of kidneys and spleen
SMA origin
L1 and lower spinal cord
D2 of duodenum
DJ flexure
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18
Q

Which part of pancreas is at level of transpyloric plane?

A

Neck

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19
Q

Which parts of duodenum are at transpyloric plane?

A

D2 and DJ flexure

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20
Q

Which vertebral level is transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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21
Q

Which vessels are at level of transpyloric plane?

A

Portal vein origin, SMA, hila of kidneys and spleen

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22
Q

Which costal cartilage level is at transpyloric plane?

A

9th costal cartilate

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23
Q

Which part of colonic mesentery is at level of transpyloric plane?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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24
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

A

Posterior - tip of coccyx
Lateral - inferior ramus of pubis, ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous lig on each side
Anterior - pubic arch and arcuate ligament of pubis
Floor - skin and fascia
Roof - pelvic floor

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25
What is the perineal body and which 6 things make it?
Fibromuscular mass at junction of ant and post triangles of perineum, made of: Bulbospongiosus muscle Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles Anterior fibres levator ani Urethral sphincter fibres External anal sphincter
26
Which 3 muscles are in the superficial perineal pouch?
Superficial transverse perineal muscle Bulbospongiosius Ischiocavernosus
27
Nerve for cutaneous innervation of thumb?
Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
28
What nerve innervates the thenar muscles?
Recurrent branch of median nerve
29
What nerve innervation deep muscles of anteiror forearm?
Anterior interosseus branch of median nerve
30
Palmar digital branch of median nerve innervates?
Palmar surface of index middle and 1/2 of ring finger | Fingertips of above
31
Which nerve is responsible for tingliness in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Palmar digital branch of median nerve
32
5 bones navicular articulates with?
3 cuneiforms Cuboid Talus
33
Calcaneus articulates with which 2 bones?
Cuboid and talus
34
4 bones talus articulates with?
Tibia Fibula Navicular Calcaneus
35
Where is the cuboid bone?
Lateral foot - anterior to calcaneus and postterior to 4th and 5th metatarsals
36
Curtis can't count bones, never took calculus of 7 tarsal bones?
``` Cuneiform medial Cuneiform intermediate Cunieform lateral CuBoid Navicular Talus Calcaneus ```
37
What is the arcuate line and what is it anatomical marker for?
Horizontal line 3-5cm below umbilicus | Where inferior epigastric vessels pierce through rectus abdominis
38
What is the linea semilunaris and its importance?
Spigelian line - where hernia form- line joining tip of 9th costal cartilage to pubic tubercle
39
What is the transtubuercular plane and its clinical relevance?
Horizontal line passing through iliac tubercles marking location of L5 and confluence of common iliacs to form IVC
40
Blood vessels encountered directly below campers fascia?
Superficial inferior epigastric artery and vein
41
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
External urethral orifice
42
What are the parts of the male urethra?
``` Preprostatic Prostatic Membranous (within deep perineal pouch) - external urethral sphincter here Spongy part ```
43
Where is the external urethral sphincter in men?
In membranous part of penis - in deep perineal pouch
44
Where is the navicular fossa?
Just before external urethral orifice - spongy part
45
What is the widest part of male urethra?
Prostatic part
46
What does ilioinguinal nerve do? 3 sensory regions and 2 motor roles
Supplies sensation to skin over medial aspect of thigh, upper scrotum and penile root Inmervation to internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis
47
Ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of which nerve root?
L1
48
Cremasteric muscle is innervated by?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
49
Lab markers suggestive of hemolytic anaemia?
``` Low Hb Raised MCV and reticulocytes Unconjugated raised bilirubin Reduced haptoglobins Elevated urine urobilinogen Stercobilinogen in faeces ```
50
Femoral nerve innervates what?
``` Anterior compartment of thigh musculature Anteromedial thigh (anterior cutaneous branch) Medial leg (saphenous branch) ```
51
What muscles does obtruator nerve innervate?
Adductor muscles
52
Common peroneal nerve innervates what? Branch from?
Branch from sciatic Skin to upper lateral leg (lateral sural cutaneous) Lower posterolateral leg skin (sural nerve) Dorsum of foot Motor - short head biceps femoris, then superficial and deep peroneal nerve to lateral and anteiror compartments of leg
53
Injury to neck of fibula can injure what nerve? Sx?
Common peroneal nerve | Leads to foot drop, loss of dorsiflexion and loss of sensation to dorsum of foot and lateral leg
54
Tibial nerve supplies what? Branch from?
Branch from sciatic Innervates skin to lateral leg and foot and plantar surface of foot Muscles of posterior leg compartment and hamstring part of adductor magnus
55
What does ansa cervicalis innervate?
Strap muscles
56
Vocal hoarseness may be due to which nerve injury?
Recurrent laryngeal
57
Anterior wall of inguinal canal?
Aponeuroses of internal and external obliques
58
Posterior wall of inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
59
Roof of inguinal canal?
Arching fibres of transversalis abdominis and internal obliques
60
Autonomic supply to duodenum?
Sympathetic nerves from coeliac plexus | Parasympathetic from hepatic and coeliac branches
61
What is the hepatoduodenal ligament and where does it connect?
From D1 duodenal bulb to inferior part of liver
62
Blood supply of duodenum?
D1 - coeliac via right gastroepiploic and gastric | D2-4 - from SMA
63
Lengths of duodenum parts?
D1 - 2inch D2 - 3inch D3 - 4 D4 -1
64
SAD PUCKER of retroperitoneal structures?
``` Suprarenal glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (second half) Pancreas Ureters Colon ascending and descending Kidneys Esophagus Rectum ```
65
3 parts of the spongy urethra?
Navicular fossa Pendulous Bulbous
66
MAFFIAH of muscles supplied by ulnar nerve?
``` Median 2 lumbricals Adductor policis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum profundis medial half Interossei Abductor digiti minimi Hypothenar eminence ```
67
What brachial plexus does ulnar nerve arise from?
Medial cord - C8-T1
68
What is Froments sign?
Ulnar nerve entrapment causing flexion of ITP of thumb via FPL when holding piece of paper with thumb and forefinger, due to weakness of adductor policis
69
Anterior interosseus nerve - branch from what? Motor and sensory?
Branches from median nerve No sensory Motor to deep muscles of forearm except ulnar half of FDP - flexor policis longus, pronator quadratus, radial half FDP
70
Outline lower limb arterial anatomy and major nerve links?
Common iliac - external iliac becomes common fem Common fem to SFA and PF SFA becomes popliteal which splits to ant tibial and tibioperoneal trunk Ant tibial becomes dorsalis pedis Tibioperoneal trunk becomes post tibial and peroneal Ant tibial art runs with deep peroneal nerve Popliteal artery next to tibial nerve
71
Outline lower limb arterial anatomy and major nerve links?
Common iliac - external iliac becomes common fem Common fem to SFA and PF SFA becomes popliteal which splits to ant tibial and tibioperoneal trunk Ant tibial becomes dorsalis pedis Tibioperoneal trunk becomes post tibial and peroneal Ant tibial art runs with deep peroneal nerve Popliteal artery next to tibial nerve
72
Which nerve runs with anterior tibila artery?
Deep peroneal nerve
73
Which nerve runs with anterior tibila artery?
Deep peroneal nerve
74
Which nerve runs with popliteal artery?
Tibial nerve
75
Outline venous drainage of arm?
Cephalic vein starts distal, superficially and laterally Basilic vein is medial Two link in ACF via median cubital vein Basilic joined by deep brachial to form axillary Axillary joined by subscapular vein Axillary and cephalic join to subclavian
76
What forms the subclavian vein?
Axillary and cephalic with subscapular
77
What forms the axillary vein?
Basilic and brachial veins
78
Outline arterial supply of upper limb?
Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery Axillary becomes brachial Brachial splits to radial and ulnar with interosseus branch
79
What arteries supply upper rectum? From which?
Superior rectal | From IMA
80
Which arteries supply lower rectum? From?
Inferior rectal - from internal pudendal, from internal iliac
81
Where does the inferior pudendal artery arise from?
Internal iliac
82
What is the venous drainage of upper rectum?
Superior rectal vein into IMV
83
What is the venous drainage of distal rectum?
Inferior rectal veins into inferior pudendal vein
84
Where does lymph from upper rectum drain?
Mesorectal and internal iliac nodes
85
Where does lymph from lower rectum drain?
Superficial inguinal nodes
86
What are the 4 muscles function and nerve of anterior lower limb compartment?
Extensor digitorum and hallucis longus Tibialis anterior Peroneus tertius Innervated by deep peroneal - for dorsiflexion mostly
87
2 muscles and function and nerve of peroneal compartment?
Peroneus longus and brevis- eversion | Superficial peroneal nerve
88
3 muscles function and nerve of deep posterior compartment of lower limb?
Flexor digitorum and hallucis longus Tibialis posterior Tibial nerve For plantarflexion
89
2 muscles nerve and function of superficial compartment lower limb?
Gastrocnemius and soleus Tibial nerve Plantarflexion
90
Nerve root of femoral nerve?
L2 3 4
91
3 branches of femoral nerve?
Saphenous nerve | Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of thigh
92
7 muscles innervated by femoral nerve?
``` Quadriceps femoris Vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedialis Pectineus Sartorius Rectus femoris ```
93
What forms the walls and roof of adductor (subsartorial) canal?
Roof is sartorius Lat wall is vastus medialis Posterior is adductor longus and magnus
94
What 3 things are in the adductor canal?
Saphenous nerve SFA SFV
95
Outline 4 muscles and nerves of rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus - suprascapular nerve Subscapularis - superior and inferior subscapular nerves Teres minor - axillary nerve
96
Where do rotator cuff muscles insert? 1 exception?
Greater tuberosity of humerus | Exception is subscapularis - inserts on lesser tuberosity
97
Which 2 rotator cuff muscles externally rotate shoulder?
Infraspinatus and teres minor
98
What rotator cuff muscle internally rotates shoulder? How come?
Subscapularis - because it attaches to lesser tuberosity
99
What nerve and vessels are at posterior edge of rotator cuff?
Suprascapular nerve and vessels
100
What nerve vessels are inferior to rotator cuff?
Circumflex humeral vessels | Axillary nerve
101
What is anteriorly related to rotator cuff?
Brachial plexus | Axillary artery and vein
102
Outline drainage of Parotid duct?
Stensons duct -crosses masseter, pierces Buccinatorr and drains adjacent to 2nd upper molar
103
What 4 structures pass through the parotid gland? 2nerves 1 artery 1 vein
2 nerves - facial and auriculotemporal External carotid artery Retromandibular vein
104
What lymph nodes does parotid drain to?
Deep cervical nodes
105
Sensory innervation to parotid?
Greater auricular nerve
106
Which cords form medial nerve? Roots?
C5-T1 | Lateral and medial cords
107
What is the relation between median nerve and axillary artery?
Crosses anterior to 3rd part of axillary artery
108
What is the relation between median nerve and brachial artery?
Lateral initially, then crosses anteriorly to medial side at elbow
109
What muscle heads does median nerve pass between and on deep surface of which muscle does it run?
Between heads of pronator teres and on deep surface of flexor digitorum superficialis
110
What does median nerve damage at elbow result in?
Carpal tunnel plus anterior interosseus nerve palsy I.e. weakness of forearm pronation, flexion and ulnar wrist deviation
111
Where does anterior interosseus nerve come from?
Median nerve just below elbow
112
Anterior interosseus nerve innervates? 2.5 muscles
Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Half of FDP
113
Action of anterior interosseus nerve?
Pronate forearm, flex thumb and flex index finger (+ deep muscles of forearm)
114
What is the lateral most tarsal bone?
Cuboid
115
What are the anterior most tarsal bones?
Cuboid laterally, cuneiforms medially
116
What tarsal bone forms the heal?
Calcaneus
117
Which is more anterior- navicilar or talus?
Navicular
118
Carpal bones in order?
Scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform | Trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
119
Which cardiac vein drains directly into right atrium?
Anterior cardiac vein
120
Blood supply to heart?
Aortic sinus - right and left coronary arteries RCA to right marginal and posterior descending arteries LCA to LAD, left marginal, circumflex and diagonal branches
121
What does right coronary artery supply?
Right atrium, diaphragmatic RV, Posterior 1/3 UV septum and the nodes
122
What does left coronary artery supply?
Left atrium and ventricle, part of right ventricle, anteiror 2/3 of IV septum and apex
123
Where is foramen ovale of skull? What 5 things go through it?
Sphenoid bone | Emissary veins, V3, otic ganglion and accessory meningeal artery and lesser petrosal nerve
124
What bone is foramen spinosum in? What 2 things go through it?
Sphenoid bone | MMA and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
125
Foramen rotundum is in what bone? What 1 thing goes through it?
Sphenoid - V2
126
What 4 foramina are in sphenoid bone?
Ovale Spinosum Rotundum Superior orbital fissure
127
What goes through foramen lacerum?
Atery and berve of pterygoid canal
128
What bone is jugular foramen in? What 6 things go through?
``` Temporal bone Inferior petrosal sinus anteriorly CN 9-11 Sigmoid sinus into IJV posteriorly Meningeal branches of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries ```
129
What bone is foramen magnum in? What 4 things go through?
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries Vertebral arteries Medulla
130
Stylomastoid foramen location and 2 things passing through?
Temporal bone | Facial nerve and stylomastoid artery
131
What bone is superior orbital fissure in? 6 things going through?
``` Sphenoid CN 3 4 and 6 V1 - lacrimal frontal and nasocilisry branches Recurrent meningeal artery Superior ophthalmic vein ```
132
4 things going through inferior orbital foramen?
Zygomatic branch of V2 Ascending branches of pharyngopalatine ganglion Infraorbital vessels Inferior ophthalmic vein
133
Posterior interosseus nerve is a branch of? What does it do?
Radial | Innervates supinator, abductor policis longus, extensors
134
Origin of ulnar nerve roots?
C8/T1
135
Where in relation to flexor retinaculum does ulnar nerve run?
Superficial
136
What nerve innervates palmaris brevis?
Ulnar
137
What nerve innervates palmaris longus?
Median
138
What does ulnar nerve injury at wrist cause?
Claw hand Hypothenar wasting Loss of sensation in medjal 1.5 fingers Positive Froment sign
139
Positive froment sign suggests?
Ulnar nerve lesion distal to elbow
140
What are the 7 parts of the ICA?
``` Cervical Petrous Lacerum Cavernous Clinoid Ophthalmic Communicating ```
141
What is the first intraDural part of the ICA?
Ophthalmic part
142
What nerve innervates lat dorsi? Roots and job?
Thoracodorsal C6 7 8 Adducts shoulder
143
What nerve and roots innervate pectoral major?
Medial and lateral pectoral, C8 and C67
144
Roots of long thoracic nerve?
C5 6 7
145
What nerve and root innervates rhomboid? What does this do?
Dorsal scapular - C5 | Stabilises scapula
146
Where do the roots of the brachial plexus come out?
Between anterior and medial scalenes, in posterior triangle of neck
147
What is the relationship between trunks of brachial plexus and subclavian artery and first rib?
Trunks run through posterior triangle of neck, over first rib, behind SCA
148
What are the 5 bits of the brachial plexus?
``` Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Terminal branches ```
149
How many divisions of brachial plexus are there?
6 - 3 anterior which flex, 3 posterior which extend
150
How many divisions of brachial plexus are there?
6 - 3 anterior which flex, 3 posterior which extend
151
What are the 3 brachial plexus cords and what do they relate to?
Relating to second part of SCA | Lateral, medial and posterior
152
What are the 3 brachual plexus trunks?
Superior, middle and inferior
153
Where do majority of extra nerves from brachual plexus come from?
Cords (7)
154
Where do the terminal branches of the brachial plexus arrive in relation to SCA?
Around 3rd part
155
Where is the transpyloric plane?
Horizontal plane half way between suprasternal notch (T2/3) and pubic symphysis, at L1 vertebral body
156
Pretty pretty please feed him some love, damn Daniel of transpyloric plane contents?
``` Portal vein origin Pancreatic neck Pylorus Fundus of GB Hila of kidneys and spleen SMA origin Lower spinal cord andL1 D2 of Duodenum DJ flexure 9th costal cartilage ```
157
Which costal cartilage is at transpyloric plane level?
9th
158
Which vagus nerve is more anterior in relation to oesophagus?
Left
159
What runs through central tendon aperture of diaphragm at T8?
IVC medially | Right phrenic nerve and liver lymph laterally
160
Which nerves pierce the crura of the diaphgram?
Greater and lesser splanchnics
161
What goes througg T10 of diaphgram through split of right crus?
Left vagus anteriorly Oesophagus and left and right gastric vessels Right vsgus posteriorly
162
What goes through aortic aperture of diaphragm just behind median arcuate lig?
T12 - aorta Azygos vein anteriorly Thoracic duct posteriorly
163
What is the apex and base of thyroid gland?
Apex is thyroid cartilage lamina | Base is 4th and 5th tracheal ring
164
Posterolateral relations of thyroid?
Carotid sheath
165
What nerve is next to superior thyorid artery?
External laryngeal
166
What nevre is next to inferior thyroid artery?
Recurrent larngyeal
167
Which artery is next to recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Inferiro thyroid
168
Which artery is next to external laryngeal nerve?
Superior thyroid artery
169
Outline blood supply to thyroid?
Superior TA - first branch of ECA Inferior TA - from TC trunk, from SCA Thyroid ima - from brachiocephalic artery or aorta
170
Venous drainage of thyroid?
Sup and med thyroid veins to IJV | Inf thyroid veins to brachiocephalic
171
Which ligament supports the medial longitudinal arch? How?
Deltoid ligament - holds talus to medial malleolus
172
What forms the roof of the tarsal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum of foot
173
What embryologically forms parathyroids?
Brachial pouch - upper 4th, lower 3rd
174
Floor of anatomical snuffbox?
Scaphoid and trapezium
175
Which nerve innervates skin over femoral triangle and can be damaged within femoral sheath?
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
176
What is pectineus innervated by?
Femoral nerve
177
Nerve supply to anal canal?
Above dentate line to internal sphninter is SNS vis pelvis plexus Pelvic splanchjnjc for PNS
178
Why is prostate Ca commonly metastatic via blood e.g. to bone?
Venous plexus extensive around prostate
179
What is the floor of the inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament
180
Anterior wall of inguinal canal?
External oblique
181
Posterior wall of inguinal canal? What strengthens it medially
Transversalis fascia | Conjoint lig medially
182
Medial ceiling of the inguinal canal?
Conjoint tendon
183
Level of trachea bifurcation?
T4
184
Levels of insulin, proinsulin and C peptide in insulinoma?
All high
185
Boundaries of the inguinal canal?
Floor is inguinal lig Ant is external oblique aponeurosis Post is transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon medially Roof is transversus abdominis and internal oblique
186
2 SALP MALT for inguinal canal?
Superior - 2 Muscles- transversus abdominis and internal oblique Anterior - 2 aponeurosis - ext oblique, int laterally fLoor- 2 ligs - inguinal lig and lacunar lig Posterior - 2 Ts- transversalis fascia and conjoint Tendon
187
What is the mid inguinal point? Significance?
Half way between ASIS and pubic symphysis | Femoral artery marking
188
Whst is the midway point of the inguinal xanal? Significance?
Midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle | Superficial inguinal ring
189
9+ 1 contents of inguinal canal/spermatic cord in males?
3 arteries - testicular, cremasteric, to Vas 3 fascia- ext spermatic, int spermatic, cremasteric 3 other - vas, Pampiniform plexus, lymph 1 nerve - genital branch genfem
190
What nerve runs through superficial inguinal ring and with inguinal canal but not though it?
Ilioinguinal
191
What goes through inguinal canal in women?
Round lig only and genital branch genfem nerve
192
Difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias? With inferior epigastrics?
``` Direct = not through inguinal canal, medial to inf epigastrics Indirect= through canal, lateral to inf epigastrics ```
193
Relate the layers of abdo wall to scrotim/testicle covering?
Skin - scrotum Superficial fascia- dartos fascia and muscle Ext oblique aponeurosis- ext spermatic fascia Int oblique muscle and fascia - cremaster Transversalis fascia- int spermatic fascia Peritoneum - processus/tunica vaginalis
194
Layers of scrotum? She Decides Everything, Complain In Testicle
``` Scrotum Dartos fascia and muscle Ext spermatic fascia Cremaster Int spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis ```
195
Relation of inf epigastrics to inguinal canal/rings?
Passes anteriorly to canal, medial to deep ring, lateral to superficial ring
196
What forms the deep inguinal ring?
Transversalis fascia
197
What forms the superficial inguinal ring?
Evagination of external oblique
198
Which nerve is most at risk in hernia repairs?
Ilioinguinal
199
Direct vs inguinal hernia?
Direct goes straight through post wall i.e. through transveralis fascia Indirect goes through deep ring of fascia and through canal
200
What does the inferior epigastric artery arise from?
External iliac
201
What does the cremasteric reflex? Sensory and motor?
Genfem nerve - motor bit is genital branch | Or ilioinguinal - sensory bit of medial thigh
202
Usefulness of cremasteric reflex in testicular problems?
Absent in torsion | Exaggerated in epididimitis
203
Whst does iliohypogsstric nerve do?
Sensory over lateral gluteal/pubis | Motor to internal oblique and transverse abdominis
204
Nerves to ext oblique muscle?
Thoracoabdominal T7-11 | Subcostal T12
205
What is Hesslbachs triangle? Remember RIP
Lateral - inferior epigastrics Medial - lateral rectus sheath (linea semilunaris) Base - inguinal lig
206
What is found at the sternal angle? Which level?
T4 (/5 IV disc) 2nd pair of CCs Carina of trachea Thoracic duct travels right ot left behind esophagus Ligamentium arteriosum Left rec laryngeal nerve around aortic arch
207
What will a posterior duodenal ulcer bleed through?
Gastroduodenal
208
What will a lesser curve ulcer bleed through?
Left gastric
209
Which ant or post do perfed ulcers usually occur?
Anterior
210
What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?
Preprostatic Prostatic Membranous Spongy
211
Where is the membranous part of the male urethra? Significance?
In deep perineal pouch | Ext urethral sphincter is here
212
Where is external urethral sphincter which part of urethra?
Membranous
213
Where is internal urethral sphincter?
Preprostatic part
214
Where do bulbourethral glands open?
Proximal spongy Urethra just past membranous part
215
What is the most distal part of urethra before opening? Dilated bit
Navicular fossa
216
Sixties Teens Love Sex and Pot of branches of axillary artery? How are they divided?
``` Superior thoracic - 1 Thoracoacromial -2 Lateral thoracic -2 Subscapular -3 Ant -3 Post humeral circumflex -3 Medial, deep to and lateral to pec minor ```
217
What muscle divides up axillary artery?
Pec minor
218
VIT C D of subclavian artery branches? How is this divided?
``` Vertebral - 1 Internal thoracic -1 Thyrocervical trunk -1 Costocervical -2 Dorsal scapular -3 Divided by scalenus anterior ```
219
3 borders roof and floor of anatomical snuffbox?
``` Medial - tendon extensor pollicis longus Lateral - tendons of ext pol brev and abductor pol long Prox - styloid process Floor - scaphoid and trapezium Roof - skin ```
220
PISS in big and POO in little holes of greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
``` PISS greater sciatic foramen Pudendal nerve and vessels, post cut nerve of thigh, piriformis Inferior gluteal NAV Sciatic nerve Superior gluteal NAV ``` POO lesser Pudendal NAV Obturator internus muscle Obturnator internus nerve
221
Whst is the only thing going through suprapiriform notch of greater sciatic foramen?
Superior gluteal NAV
222
What are the 3 things passing through greater into lesser sciatic notch?
Pudendal nerve and Art | Nerve to obturator
223
Boundaries of ACF?
Medially - pronator teres Laterally - brachioradialis Floor - brachialis and supinator Roof - bicipital aponeurosis, deep fascia and median cubital vein
224
What does positive trendelenburg test indicate?
Hip abductor weakness on affected side (glut med and min) - may be superior inf nerve issue
225
What does inferior alveolar nerve innervate? From?
Motor to mylohyoid and ant belly digastrics Senskry to teeth, chin and lower lip From V3
226
What does lingual nerve innervate?
Sensory to ant 2 3 of tongue
227
What innervates sensation to angle of jaw?
Greater auricular nerve
228
What joins to form portal vein? What level? In relation to panc?
Splenic vein and SMV At L2 Posterior to panc neck
229
IMV drains into?
Splenic vein
230
How do you enter lesser sac of abdomen?
Finger in epiploic foramen from peritoneal cavity
231
What is the hepatoduodenal lig? Significance? Order ant to post?
Free edge of lesser omentum Contains portal vein, hepatic artery, CBD Can occlude with pringle maneuver Duct Artery Vein
232
What separates anteiror and posterior eye Chambers?
Iris
233
Power features of bipolar diathermy?
Low voltage, low current, high frequency
234
Red white and blue and air 2 of sternal angle?
``` Aorta arch Thoracic duct crossover Azygos into SVC Trachea bif 2nd CC ```
235
Which lobes of prostate enlarge in BPH vs cancer?
Medial in BPH | Post in cancer
236
What is a littres hernia?
Meckel div in sac
237
What is a amyand hernia?
Appendix through hernia sac
238
Acute renal tubule dysfunction can be treated with what medication?
Osmotic diuretics

MRCS Part A (7 decks)

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