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PE EXAM SOCIAL AND SKILLS > Mr wnuk > Flashcards

Mr wnuk Flashcards

1
Q

What was society like before the industrial revolution?

A
  • Feudal system
  • It was based around agriculture and cottage industries centred around small parishes
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2
Q

Where did most people live before the industrial revolution?

A

Rural areas and villages

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3
Q

What is a feudal system?

A

Term used to describe society that is made up of 2 classes (upper class- gentry and lower class-peasants)

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Why was life very harsh in these times?

A
  • Pay was irregular
  • Society was violent and less civilised
  • Widespread of illiteracy throughout britain due to limited education
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5
Q

What is popular recreations?

A

Used to classify sport and leisure activities that were common before industrial revolution

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6
Q

Why were pre-industrial sporting occasions closely associated with farming year and church calender?

A
  • They had holy days where they played sport as they didnt work
  • During the farming year, crops werent growing in the autumn months meaning they had more potential space to play sport
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7
Q

Characteristics of mob games

A

Peasants
Local
Unwritten rules
Cruel
Inexpensive
Courtly
Rural
Occasional
Wagering

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8
Q

Why were they local?

A
  • Due to lack of transport
  • Reflecting the feudal system of the divisions in terms of money between the upper and lower classes
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9
Q

Why was there unwritten rules?

A
  • Due to high illiteracy rates
  • Reflecting the limited education they had due to a lack of money
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10
Q

Why were mob games more force-based than skill-based?

A
  • As war was regular and men were preparing for that
  • Reflecting the harsh society
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11
Q

Why were they played in rural areas?

A
  • Due to a lot of potential space and few boundaries
  • Localised and lack of transport
  • Natural locations (e.g. river banks)
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12
Q

Why were they occasional?

A
  • As they were working lots to earn money so games fit in with holy days as it gave them times off work
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13
Q

What was the influence of the church?

A
  • Holy days were available for them to play the games as they had free time
  • Chance to let off steam/ social
  • Patronage (church would support and pay to help the games) like:
  • Church offering prize money
  • Church lands/ graveyards often used for sport
  • Social meeting for community
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14
Q

What did the gentry play in the pre-industrial revolution?

A
  • They took part in activities that were non-work based as this was not deemed to be fitting for their position
  • Deemed to be civilised and sophisticated
  • They had resources like horses as they could afford them
  • Carried out at any time as they didnt work
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15
Q

Difference in the leisure pursuits of the gentary compared to those of the lower classes

A
  • Difference in income (upper class more access to sport)
  • Gentary (non contact) and lower class (contact)
  • Upper class could afford resources but lower class couldnt
  • Lower class was more localised but upper class could travel to play
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16
Q

Difference between characteristics of games between upper class and lower class

A
  • Lower class were local as they had a lack of transport
  • Upper class could travel to play
  • Upper class had purpose built facilities but lower class took part in natural facilities
  • Upper class had more expensive equipment but lower class couldnt afford equipment
  • Gentary was more civilised
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17
Q

What does rationalisation mean?

A

Multiple games combined to make one activity with set rules

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18
Q

What is meant by Oxbridge melting pot?

A

A combination of different sports developing into 1 main one

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19
Q

What does codification mean?

A

Term used to describe the formal writing and recording of the rules in sport

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20
Q

What does urbanisation mean?

A

Movement of many lower class people from villages to factory towns in search of employment

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21
Q

What was the impact of the industrial revolution

A
  • Urbanisation meant space for games had decreased reulting in less people taking part
  • Lead to more people working in factories which helped develop factory teams
  • Spectators increased due to limited amount of sport so stadiums were introduced also helping to develop sport and factory teams.
  • Broken time payment meant factory owners payed workers to play sport due to the 10 hour work act
  • Factories and communities led to development of competition
  • Sport became codified
  • Sport shifted from rural to urban
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22
Q

Broken time payment

A

Factory owners payed their workers money when playing sport

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23
Q

Factors leading to the emergence and development of modern day sport

A

urbanisation
industrial revolution
transport
education

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24
Q

What did the 10 hour work act allow workers to do?

A

Allowed workers in the industrial revolution to take part in more leisure pursuits and develop teams so they took part in more sport regularly

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25
Q

Impact of urbanisation on recreational activities during industrial revolution

A
  • Urbanisation meant space for games had decreased resulting in less people taking part
  • Urbanisation led to more people working in factories which helped to develop factory teams
  • Spectators increased due to limited amount of sport so stadiums were built
  • Broken time payments
  • Factories lead to competition (factory vs factory)
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26
Q

What were factories first like?

A
  • Poor working conditions
  • Low pay
  • High levels of pollution leading to disease
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27
Q

Factory Act 1833

A
  • Working conditions improved
  • Increase in regular time with saturday half day being introduced
28
Q

How was sport rationalised?

A
  • Rise in factories reflecting poor working conditions with high levels of pollution
  • Legislation put in place (factory act 1833) allowing the working class to have 10 hours off.
  • This allowed them to take part in more leisure pursuits allowing them to develop factory teams
29
Q

How did improved transport benefit the industrial revolution?

A
  • Railway transport was invented meaning more people could travel to places further away. Meaning towns could play against eachother in their different sports resulting in the rationalisation of them. Allowing fixtures to occur
  • Stadiums were produced due to mob games and increased spectators
  • Churches helped resulting in family gatherings resulting in church teams
  • Governemnt legislation
  • Broken time payments
    Growth in sporting press (more media coverage)
30
Q

Influence of public schools

A

stage 1- boy culture
stage 2- social control
stage 3- athletism

31
Q

Boy culture

A
  • Schools became a melting pot for games as it brought boys together from all around the country
  • Sports were adapted to the architecture and facilities of the school such as eton wall game
  • had a lot of free time due to boarding
  • no teacher involvement
  • Lots of bullying
32
Q

social control

A
  • thomas arnold said he was going to use sport as a way to social control
  • he changed the morale and behaviour of the boys
  • promote a code of ethics and build morale
  • arnold used social control to make schools more civilised
33
Q

athletism

A

sport became more organised
boys from public schools attended universities forming the melting pot of sports
set of rules began
built physical endeavor developing maliness5

34
Q

Labour migration

A
  • movement of individuals from one region of a country to another in search of better employment opportunities.
    (for example, messi gone to america for football)
  • Its become a significant phenomenon in the world of sports
  • Athletes, sports proffesionals and coaches often choose to migrate to other countries for better resources, training facilities, competition, financial benefits
35
Q

Advantages of labour migration

A
  • Increased levels of competion- moving to countries with well established sports leagues and compeitive environments provides athletes with the opportunity to compete against some of the best players in the world which creates a challenging atmosphere which pushes individuals to improve their performance and reach their full potential by comparing themselves to others.

Economic opportunities as it brings financial benefits to athletes and their families. athletes can secure lucrative contracts and endorsements with proffesional sports teams or sponsors which provides them with a substantial income to support them and their families financially

But athletes they can become dependant on their sporting performance for economic success so if there is a decline in sports performance it could impact the athletes financial stability and livlihood

Athletes and coaches have access to top notch training facilities, coaching expertise and advanced equipment and this exposure to high quality resources can enhance the athletes levels of performance and skills

36
Q

Disadvantage of labour migration

A
  • Cultural and lanuage barriers- adjusting to a new culture can be challenging for athletes and their families. These barriers may lead to feelings of isolation, communication difficulties and difficulties integrating into the new sporting environment

Loss of national idenity- may result in athletes representing new countries as citizens or through naturalization processes. It can provide them with enhanced opportunities but it may also lead to a sense of disconnect from their original national idenity
For example Mo farah (plastic Brit)

37
Q

Role of national governing bodies

A
  • apply laws
  • promote equality
  • train officials/coaches
  • ensure participation safety
  • select/ prep national teams
  • Combat drugs
38
Q

Reasons for role of industrial revolution on emergence of NGB

A
  • transport railway network introduced so could travel across a wider area so needs more of a formal structure
  • education increased literacy rates enabled a wider population to understand a common set of rules (codification)
  • Growth of factories and free time lead to the need for common competition regulations
39
Q

Pros of national governing bodies

A
  • Use of media sources to both promote and generate income facilities
  • rise in status of sport
  • Government view sporting success
  • Faciliation of national/ global competions
40
Q

cons of national governing bodies

A

increased levels of cheating
increase in corruption

41
Q

Corporations

A
  • Some teams are now owned by corporations
    e.g. red bull
  • Some teams are now named as the corporation name itself
    e.g. ferrari in F1
  • Athletes are more accountabe to the sponsor than the team in some cases
  • Sponsors can demand that athletes competein prestigious competitions
  • Athletes are getting paid just as much by their sponsor as by their professional sporting contracts in some cases
  • TV corporations dictating which day/ time a sporting event takes place
  • TV corporations dictating when there are commercial breaks
  • Athletes kits are plastered with different sponsor names
42
Q

Advantages (corporations)

A
  • Potential for performer to earn large reward/ salary
  • Allows teams to recruit top performers irrespective of nationality so raises standards
  • Removes nationalities and allows spectators to follow any team
  • Performers can switch/ more from team to team
43
Q

Disadvantages (corporations)

A
  • Corporations may have a negative image
  • Fans lack the passion seen when supporting their club
  • Competitors not solely tied to corporation hold national flags on winning podiums
44
Q

Discrimination (definition)

A

Treating people differently through prejudice

45
Q

Prejudice (definition)

A

Holding a preformed judgement/ opinion about someone based upon irrational or inaccurate stereotypical views

46
Q

Barriers to participation

A
  • Provision
  • Opportunity
  • Esteem
47
Q

Provision (definition)

A

Whats available to you
E.g. schools, leisure centres, sports clubs

48
Q

Opportunity

A

Relates to the personal factors that affect participation
E.g. time, money

49
Q

Esteem

A

Relates to belief factors such as self-confidence and perceptions from others

50
Q

Barriers to women

A
  • Lack of role models
    { lack of coverage
    { body image
  • Stereotypes
    { sexism
    { ‘gender sports’
    { ability
  • Lack of childcare
  • Lack of time/ family
51
Q

Social legislation

A

Enhanced the opportunities and equality of women
Government put equality act (2010) in place

52
Q

USA- Changes in law

A

(Title IX)
- Legislation awarding sports scholarships

53
Q

Impact of world war

A
  • After world war women became more empowered to take part in sports so it rised
54
Q

Have opportunities for women in sport improved?

A
  • Winter olympics female athletes have greater status in disciplines and attitudes from females are improving
55
Q

Talent identification campaigns

A
  • This girl can
  • Girls for gold
56
Q

Example of a disabled person in sport

A

Dylan Alcott
- Esteem (he felt weird that he had a disability
- Became more social started sports

57
Q

Barriers to disability

A
  • Lack of specialised coaches
  • Lack of specialised equipment
  • ## Lack of competition teams
58
Q

Example (oscar pistorius)

A
  • Paralympic athlete who wanted to run against able bodied athletes
59
Q

Discuss the view that athletes with disabilities enjoy equality in sport

A
  • Social acceptance of disabled athletes as sports performers- equal with able-bodied
  • Increased media coverage/ support
60
Q

Olympic Ideals

A
  • Free from abuse of drugs
  • Equality including all countries
  • Frienship
  • Respect
  • Promote olympianism
  • Global 1 harmony through sport
61
Q

1968 (mexico) olympics

A
  • During widespread poverty over 200 mexican students protested and were killed
  • South Africa were banned cause didn’t follow ideals (racism)
  • American sprinters Tommy Smith and John Cariss protest against treatment of black americans using the black power salute
62
Q

1972 (munich) games

A
  • Palenstian terrorists killed II Israeli athletes and coaches in an attempt to free palestian prisoners
  • Protest and threats of boycott from a number of countries resulted in Rhodes invitation being withdrawn on grounds of apartheid.
63
Q

1976 (montreal) games

A
  • financial disaster due to an over ambitious planto build new facilities for every sport plus huge security costs because of the previous games
64
Q

1984 (LA) games

A
  • Refusal of LA councils and US gov to fund games
  • Peter Veberroth was appointed as chairman of the organising committee and focused on fund-raising
  • TV rights were sold for 287 million
65
Q

(FOR) olympiasm

A
  • Excellence
  • Frienship
  • Courage
  • Inspiration
  • Respect
  • Determination
    E.g. 2 olympian shared a gold medal
66
Q

(AGAINST) olympiasm

A
  • Ideals get lost in commercial areas
  • Not free from drug abuse
67
Q

Is barriers of disabilities improving?

A
  • Legislation equality act
  • More role models
  • More provisions
  • Paralympics introduced
  • Wider range of sports
  • Sports organisations (English federation of disability sports)
  • More social acceptance (equal to able bodied)
68
Q
A

PE EXAM SOCIAL AND SKILLS (2 decks)

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