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Politics Paper 1 > Mr Scriven - Voting Behaviour > Flashcards

Mr Scriven - Voting Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Explain and analyse three ways in which the media can have an influence upon the outcome of elections - 9 marks

A

P1 - 2017 election - labour used twitter to influence young voters
- 60% turnout for 18-24 year olds
- known as a ‘youthquake’
- Labour also used the media to invest on adverts attacking the conservatives ‘dementia-tax’

P2 - the sun has backed the winning party since 1974
- 1997 - Tony Blair landslide victory
- Rupert Murdoch owner of the sun and Fox News influenced Tony Blair
- Blair flew to Australia to make Murdoch the god father to his child
- 179 seat majority

P3 - 1979
- Saatchi and Saatchi iconic ‘Labour isn’t working’
-rattled the party that much it cost them the election
- however - it could be the case that the winter of discontent massively damaged the governments economic policy and it’s standing in the polls - labour had already lost electorates trust!

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2
Q

What are recency factors

A

Short term factors that affect how people vote

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3
Q

Primacy factors

A

Long term issues/factors that affect how people vote

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4
Q

Working class Tory/c2 voters

A

Traditional working class conservative support

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5
Q

Embourgeoisement

A

Affluent working class adopt middle class mentality

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6
Q

Class assignment

A

How class does/does not align with the different parties

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7
Q

Personalities rather than policies determine election outcomes in the uk - 25 marks

A

Agree:
- 1997 black Wednesday - retrospective - conservative leader and chancellor of exchequer tarnished their reputation and lost trust
- 2019 media attacks on Corbin ‘chuck britian in the cor-bin’ lost to conservatives
- 2010 ‘bigot’ gate - Gordon brown
- Lib Dem ‘clegg mania’ and ‘British Obama’ allowed them into govt - did televised debates

Disagree:
- 1997 labour focused on salient issues compared to conservatives who focused on devolution + trade unions = benefitted labours huge win
- 2019 boris - ‘get brexit done’ - however people did like boris’ humour and charismatic persona
- 1983 labour manifesto = longest suicide note in history

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8
Q

Class alignment

A

People identifying as a class
1970s - decade of dealignment

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9
Q

Age and voting behaviour

A

Under 35 - tend to vote Labour
65+ - generally vote conservative
18-25 - lowest turnout

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10
Q

Region and voting behaviour

A

Cities - tend to vote Labour
South/rural - generally vote Conservative

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11
Q

Ethnicity and voting behaviour

A

BME - Labour, representative
Live in cities so follow trend
Labour = more diverse

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12
Q

Gender and voting behaviour

A

Women - more vote Labour, more representative
Men - vote Conservative

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13
Q

Social structures model

A

States society is structured into groups that do not change
Determine which groups vote for who - factors always been there

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14
Q

Safe seat

A

A seat that is always won by a certain party

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15
Q

Media that influences voting behaviour

A

Newspapers
Social media
Radio
TV broadcast

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16
Q

Media example

A

The Sun: 1992 ‘will the last person please turn out the light’ (if Kinnock won)
1992: ‘Its the Sun wot won it’

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17
Q

Agenda setting theory

A

Force certain parties agendas to contain certain issues

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18
Q

Reinforcement theory

A

Reinforce views rather than changing them

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19
Q

TV debates examples: impacting voting behaviour

A

2010 - Cleggmania (23% of votes)
2015 - air time to minor parties

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20
Q

TV debates examples: not impacting voting behaviour

A

2010 - Lib dems recieve only 1% more than previous election
2015 - viewing figures down

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21
Q

Issue voting

A

An issue or event that runs the election eg. 2015 immigration

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22
Q

Voting influence - psephology

A

-ethnicity
-gender
-class
-social groups
-social media
-city of residence
-family
-education level

23
Q

Electoral deserts

A

Areas of the uk where parties have significant support but don’t win the seats

24
Q

Rational-choice

A

This theory suggests voters are influenced by short term factors such as party image, party leader, party policies, and how they personally fell or are affected by these

25
Q

Sociological model

A

This theory links voting to group membership e.g age, gender, social class

26
Q

Party identification model

A

This theory links voting to voters long term and loyal attachment to specific parties

27
Q

Dominant ideology

A

This theory suggests voters are ideologically manipulated and controlled through institutions like the media

28
Q

General elections 2019

A
  • the election was called early following the passing of the early parliamentary election act 2019
  • 34% of women elected (highest ever)
  • 66 non-whites
  • results show conservatives won the highest share of votes for a single party since thatcher
  • labour and conservatives won a total of 76%
29
Q

Sociological model - 2019 GE evidence

A

Highest number of women elected ever - labour
66 non whites elected
Retired = highly conservative
Religious voting in NI - unionist (Protestant) DUP = stay - nationalists (catholic) Sinn Fein=leave
London = heavily labour

30
Q

Party identification model - 2019 GE evidence

A

‘Life long voters’
More use of social media
Unionist/nationalist voting in NI
2/3 had pre decided

31
Q

Rational choice model - 2019 GE evidence

A

Brexit
Labours anti semantic comments
Corybn/swinson = not popular
Independence for Scotland
Impact of economic policies - voting is retrospective

32
Q

Dominant ideology model - 2019 GE evidence

A

‘Red wall’ break down
Media attacks on Corbyn
Conservatives backed by murdoch (owner of sun,sky and the times)
Unions e.g teacher strikes
Environmentalism

33
Q

What did peter pulzer say

A

‘Class is the basis of British politics - all else is embellishments and detail’

34
Q

What did Ivor Crewe say

A

Skilled working class were the shock troops of Thatcherism

35
Q

Deviant voters

A

Don’t vote for their natural class party e.g working class Tory

36
Q

2017 election - age

A

Age is a clear dividing line
18-19 are 47% over conservatives whereas 70+ are 50% ahead of labour
Every 10 years = 9% more conservatives
The crossover age in 2017 was 47
70+ has the highest turnout - 84%

37
Q

2017 GE - class

A

No longer a very good indication of voting
Conservatives still do better with AB
Labour do best with DE- only 3% more
Conservatives do best with ABC1

38
Q

2017 GE - education level

A

Low education (gcse) = conservative = 22%
High education (degree) = labour = 17%
Links to age

39
Q

2017 GE - gender

A

Small gender gap
Women for labour/conservative was equal

40
Q

2017 GE - employment status

A

Links to age
Retired = conservatives-39% ahead
Students = labour 45% ahead
Labour ahead with all working groups and unemployed
2017 - conservative rely on ‘grey retired vote’

41
Q

Ethnicity

A

BAME voters = labour due to legislation like race relations act whereas conservatives take a firm stance on immigration
77% bame voted labour in 2017 compared to white = 37%
69% BAME = remain compared to 46% whites
Impacts turnout as only 64% bame voters who are registered voted compared to 96% white

42
Q

2017 result

A

Labour and conservatives had their biggest combined share of the vote since 1970 = 82.4%
90% of seats - 2-party politics ???
10 govt ministers lost their seats (unusually high number)

43
Q

‘Youthquake’ 2017

A

May called a snap election to try gain a bigger majority but backfired due to unpopular manifesto ‘dementia tax’ and labour ran a good campaign on social media and utilised twitter = drew in young voters
Conservative won with a reduced majority so had supply and confidence deal with DUP (gave them £2b)

44
Q

Shy Tory factor

A

Conservatives reluctant to admit they will vote conservative

45
Q

Lazy labour

A

Labours core vote in the north less likely to turn out than conservatives core vote in the south

46
Q

Bandwagon effect

A

Some vote for winning party and use opinion polls to guide them

47
Q

Boomerang effect

A

Polls predicting a victory for a party may decrease turnout e.g 2001 = 59%

1992 + 2015 = opinion polls got it dramatically wrong as they both predicted a close labour victory

48
Q

Agenda setting theory

A

Media dictates what we think about issues and individuals

49
Q

Reinforcement theory

A

We access media sources that match our own political views

50
Q

Marxist theory

A

Media controlled by the rich and powerful, used as a tool to protect their interests

51
Q

Pluralist theory

A

Media is biased but across a wide variety of ideologies/viewpoints

52
Q

The media - voting influence
Dominant ideology

A

Whichever party the sun has backed has won every GE since 1974 (owned by Rupert murdoch)
Before 1997 election Blair flew twice to Australia to persuade murdoch to back labour - even made him the god father to his child

53
Q

Evidence suggesting media doesn’t influence election outcome

A

Newspapers = declining readership (irrelevant and don’t influence voting)
Broadcast media have a legal obligation to be neutral
Social media is less significant to the older generation so only represents younger

54
Q

Explain and analyse 3 factors influencing voting behaviour - 9

A
  • age
    -media
    -religion

Politics Paper 1 (10 decks)

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