Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reguritation ESP Book > MR > Flashcards

MR Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 etiologies of MR?

A
  • primary valve disease like MVP, rheumatic, endocarditis, Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration
  • pap muscle dysfunction
    -chordal tendineae rupture
    -annulus dilation/ calcification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Another name for MVP IS?

A

Barlows disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 2 pathophysiology things occur with MR?

A
  • LA dilation /overload
    -LV dilation/ overload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What murmur is associated with MR?

A

Holosystolic murmur that radiates to axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What physical signs are seen with MR?

A

-CHF symptoms
- PHTN/ w longstanding Mr
- Holosystolic murmur that radiates to axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 echo signs are seen with MR on echo?

A
  • LAE
    -LV dilation
  • LV hypercontracility
  • Mitral abnormalities like MVP, rheumatic, MAC, myxomatous leafelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some mitral abnormalities?

A

-MVP
-MAC
-Rheumatic disease
-Myxomatous leaflets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Myxomatous leaflets?

A

A valve disease associated with many other disease like MVP and rheumatic disease. It causes thick MV leaflets that can affect the chordae tendineae causing loss of leaflet integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What I the narrowest part of a MR jet?

A

Vena contracta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the severe measurement of a vena contracts to indicate severe MR?

A

> or equal to 0.7cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 4 parts of a MR jet?

A
  1. Zone of convergence
    2 Vena contracta
  2. jet size (turbulence)
    4 Downstream effect (pulm vein reversal flow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 3 things will you see on Doppler with MR?

A
  • systolic turbulence in LA
  • Conda effect
  • MV inflow of >1.5 m/sec with mod-severe MR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A MV inflow of ____ m/sec may indicate mod-serve MR in the absence of _____

A

> 1.5m/sec
MS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is called when: Eccentric jets adhere to LA walls causing the jet to look smaller resulting in underestimation

A

Conda effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s the Conda effect?

A

When Eccentric jets adhere to LA walls causing the jet to look smaller resulting in underestimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false- the Conda effect causes overestimation of MR jet

A

False. It causes underestimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is JA/LAA stand for?

A

Jet area / Left atrial area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you acquire the JA/LAA?

A

From AP4 & AP2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What should the color scale nyquist limit be set at when measuring JA/LAA?

A

50-60cm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s the mild JA/LAA?

A

<20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s the serve JA/LAA ?

A

> 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s the moderate JA/LAA?

A

21-39%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pulmonary vein flow reversal indicates?

A

Severe MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the greatest source of error in measuring PISA?

A

Radius of the flow convergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does PISA stand for?
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area
26
What direction do you shift the baseline in when measuring PISA?
Downward
27
What should you change your nyquist limit of the color scale to when measuring Pisa?
30-40cm/s
28
True or false- when measuring PISA you should color compare. Providing an image with and without color.
True
29
True or false- when measuring PISA you should NOT acquire images over multiple beats
False
30
What 3 things do you need to calculate PISA and EROA?
1. PISA radius 2. VTI of MR jet 3. VMAX of MR jet
31
What is the mild Vena Contracta measurement?
<0.3cm
32
What is the moderate Vena contracta measurement?
0.3-0.69cm
33
What is the mild EROA measurement?
<0.2cm
34
What is the moderate EROA measurement?
0.2-0.39cm
35
What is the severe EROA measurement?
> or equal to 0.4cm
36
What is the mild regur volume measurement?
<30ml
37
What is the mod regur volume measurement?
30-59ml
38
What is the severe regur volume measurement?
> or equal to 60ml
39
PISA is measured from the ____ to the____
Vena contracts to the dome
40
What does dp/dt stand for?
Change in pressure / change in time
41
Dp/dt is a measure of?
Directional LV contractility
42
True or false- it is easy to measure the dp/dt even in the cath lab?
False it’s difficult to measure even in the cath lab
43
Dp/dt is the ___ of the rise of LV ____
Rate Pressure
44
Where is the Dp/dt measurement is taken from?
MR Doppler jet
45
What is the normal LV DP/dt measurement?
>1200 mmhg/sec
46
When Cardiac output is low the dp/dt is?
Abnormally low
47
What kind of valve regurgitation is used in echo to measure DP/dt?
MR
48
Dp/dt measurement of MR assess what?
Directional LV systolic contractility
49
A systolic MR velocity of 4-5 to ___ is a high gradient between LV & LA during systole.
5 m/sec
50
LA pressure can be calculated from?
MR jet velocity
51
What’s the LAP formula?
Systolic BP - MR pressure gradient
52
What is Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration?
It’s non-inflammatory progressive alteration of the mitral valve structure associated with mitral valve prolapse and mitral insufficiency.
53
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration is associated with that 2 disease process?
mitral valve prolapse and mitral insufficiency
54
pap muscle dysfunction is associated with?
Ischemic Mr
55
Ischemic MR is associated with what disease?
Pap muscle dysfunction
56
The worst the pulmonary vein systolic flow reversal is the lower or nonexistent the ____ wave is.
S
57
What are the steps before you measure PISA?
1. Zoom in on valve 2. Lower color baseline down to 30-40 nyquist limit 3. Color compare images 4. Acquire over multiple beats
58
Where do you measure DP/dt ?
You measure the time on the MR regur jet below the baseline. And you get the pressure gradient before that.
59
What’s the formula for DP/dt?
Pressure/time of MR jet
60
Patient had a BP of 120/80. And a systolic MR velocity of 3.5-4m/sec. How do you calculate LAP?
Systolic BP - MR jet pressure gradient 1. First you must convert the velocity and of the MR by using the modified bernouli equation. 2. Then you use the equation 56 is the answer
61
What equation do you use to convert numbers to pressures?
Modified Bernoulli P4v2

Reguritation ESP Book (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions