MPD Policy (Use of Force)

Question 1

Use of Force
____ - Force reasonably anticipated and intended to create a substantial likelihood of causing death or very serious injury.

Answer 1

Deadly force

Question 2

Use of Force
____ - The application of physical or compliance techniques or tactics, any form of restraint including, striking with hand, foot or any other object, the discharge of a firearm (except when used for firearms training, practice, qualification, ballistics examinations, or a sporting event), the use of any impact weapon, chemical agent, oleoresin capsicum, conducted electronic weapon, the use of a canine, or any other weapons to another person. It is not a use of force when a person allows him/herself to be searched, escorted, handcuffed or restrained.

Answer 2

Force

Question 3

Use of Force

____ - Ready to take place; impending. Note that imminent does not mean immediate or instantaneous.

Answer 3

Imminent

Question 4

Use of Force
____ - Physical force that exceeds the degree permitted by law or the policies and guidelines of the Moore Police Department. The use of excessive force shall be presumed when a Moore Police Officer continues to apply physical force to a person who has been rendered incapable of resisting arrest.

Answer 4

Excessive Force

Question 5

Use of Force
The use of force by law enforcement personnel is a matter of __1__, both to __2__ and to the __3__. Officers are involved on a daily basis in numerous and varied interactions and, when warranted, may use __4__ force in carrying out their duties.

Answer 5

1. critical concern
2. the public
3. law enforcement community
4. reasonable

Question 6

Use of Force
Officers must have an understanding of, and true appreciation for, their __1__ and __2__. This is especially true with respect to overcoming __3__ while engaged in the performance of __4__.

Answer 6

1. authority
2. limitations
3. resistance
4. law enforcement duties

Question 7

Use of Force
The Moore Police Department recognizes and respects the value of all __1__ and __2__ to anyone. Vesting officers with the authority to use __3__ and to protect the public welfare requires __4__, __5__ and a careful __6__ of all interests.

Answer 7

1. all human life
2. dignity without prejudice
3. reasonable force
4. monitoring
5. evaluation
6. careful balancing

Question 8

Use of Force
Any officer present and observing another officer using force that is clearly beyond that which is __1__ under the circumstances shall, when in a position to do so, __2__ to prevent the use of unreasonable force.

Answer 8

1. objectively reasonable

2. intercede

Question 9

Use of Force
An officer who observes another employee use force that __1__ the degree of force permitted by __2__ shall promptly report these observations to a __3__.

Answer 9

1. exceeds
2. law
3. supervisor

Question 10

Use of Force
Any officer who has completed his/her __1__ and who witnesses another peace officer use physical force that __2__ the degree permitted by law or this policy shall make a __3__ of such use to his/her __4__ as soon as practicable (22 O.S. § 34.2).

Answer 10

1. probationary period
2. exceeds
3. written report
4. immediate supervisor

Question 11

Use of Force (Duty to Report Excessive Force)
At a minimum, the written report shall include: 1-3

An officer may use a copy of an __4__ or similar report provided it contains the mandatory __5__ information. 

Answer 11

1. The date, time and place of the occurrence. 
   2. The identity, if known, and description of the participants. 
   3. A description of the events and the force used. 
2. arrest report
3. minimum

Question 12

Use of Force
Officers shall use only that amount of force that __1__ appears __2__ given the facts and circumstances perceived by the officer at the __3__ to accomplish a __4__ law enforcement purpose.

Answer 12

1. reasonably
2. necessary
3. time of the event
4. legitimate

Question 13

Use of Force

The __1__ of force will be judged from the __2__ of a reasonable officer on the scene at the __3__ of the incident.

Answer 13

1. reasonableness
2. perspective
3. time

Question 14

Use of Force
Any evaluation of __1__ must allow for the fact that officers are often forced to make __2__ decisions about the amount of force that __3__ appears necessary in a particular situation, with limited information and in circumstances that are __4__, __5__ and __6__ evolving.

Answer 14

1. reasonableness
2. split-second
3. reasonably
4. tense
5. uncertain
6. rapidly

Question 15

Use of Force
Given that no policy can realistically predict every possible situation an officer might encounter, officers are entrusted to use __1__ discretion in determining the __2__ use of force in each incident.

Answer 15

1. well-reasoned

2. appropriate

Question 16

Use of Force
It is also recognized that circumstances may arise in which officers __1__ believe that it would be __2__ or __3__ to use any of the tools, weapons or methods provided by this department.

Answer 16

1. reasonably
2. impractical
3. ineffective

Question 17

Use of Force
Officers may find it more __1__ or __2__ to improvise their response to rapidly unfolding conditions that they are confronting. In such circumstances, the use of any __3__ device or method must __4__ be reasonable and utilized only to the degree that reasonably appears necessary to accomplish a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

Answer 17

1. effective
2. reasonable
3. improvised
4. nonetheless

Question 18

Use of Force
Use of Force
While the ultimate objective of every law enforcement encounter is to avoid or __1__ injury, nothing in this policy requires an officer __2__ or be __3__ to possible physical injury before applying reasonable force.

Answer 18

1. minimize
2. retreat
3. exposed

Question 19

Use of Force

An officer may use __1__ force when a person being __2__ arrested resists arrest or attempts to escape (21 O.S. § 643).

Answer 19

1. reasonable

2. lawfully

Question 20

Use of Force
When determining whether to apply force and evaluating whether an officer has used reasonable force, a number of factors should be taken into consideration, as time and circumstances permit. These factors include, but are not limited to: 1-16

Answer 20

1. Immediacy and severity of the threat to officers or others.
2. The conduct of the individual being confronted, as reasonably perceived by the officer at the time.
3. Officer/subject factors (e.g., age, size, relative strength, skill level, injuries sustained, level of exhaustion or fatigue, the number of officers available vs. subjects).
4. The effects of drugs or alcohol.
5. Individual’s mental state or capacity.
6. Proximity of weapons or dangerous improvised devices.
7. The degree to which the individual has been effectively restrained and his/her ability to resist despite being restrained.
8. The availability of other options and their possible effectiveness.
9. Seriousness of the suspected offense or reason for contact with the individual.
10. Training and experience of the officer.
11. Potential for injury to officers, suspects and others.
12. Whether the individual appears to be resisting, attempting to evade arrest by flight or is attacking the officer.
13. The risk and reasonably foreseeable consequences of escape.
14. The apparent need for immediate control of the individual or a prompt resolution of the situation.
15. Whether the conduct of the individual being confronted no longer reasonably appears to pose an imminent threat to the officer or others.
16. Prior contacts with the individual or awareness of any propensity for violence.

Any other exigent circumstances.

Question 21

Use of Force
Pain compliance techniques may be effective in controlling a physically or actively resisting individual. Officers may only apply those pain compliance techniques for which they have successfully completed department-approved training. Officers utilizing any pain compliance technique should consider: 1-3

Answer 21

1. The degree to which the application of the technique may be controlled given the level of resistance.
2. Whether the individual can comply with the direction or orders of the officer.
3. Whether the individual has been given sufficient opportunity to comply.

Question 22

Use of Force

The application of any __1__ technique shall be __2__ once the officer determines that compliance has been achieved.

Answer 22

1. pain compliance

2. discontinued

Question 23

Use of Force
The proper application of the carotid control hold may be effective in restraining a violent or combative individual. However, due to the potential for injury, the use of the carotid control hold is subject to the following: 1-7

Answer 23

1. The officer shall have successfully completed department-approved training in the use and application of the carotid control hold. Officers will also receive updates and retrain in the carotid control hold periodically.
2. The carotid control hold may only be used when circumstances perceived by the officer at the time indicate that such application reasonably appears necessary to control an individual in any of the following circumstances:
   a. The individual is violent or physically resisting.
   b. The individual, by words or actions, has demonstrated an intention to be violent and reasonably appears to have the potential to harm officers, him/herself or others.
3. The application of a carotid control hold on the following individuals should generally be avoided unless the totality of the circumstances indicates that other available options reasonably appear ineffective, or would present a greater danger to the officer, the individual or others, and the officer reasonably believes that the need to control the individual outweighs the risk of applying a carotid control hold:
   a. Individuals who are known to be pregnant
   b. Elderly individuals
   c. Obvious juveniles
   d. Individuals who appear to have Down syndrome or who appear to have obvious neck deformities or malformations, or visible neck injuries
   e. Persons who have been sprayed by O.C. spray
4. Any individual who has had the carotid control hold applied, regardless of whether he/she was rendered unconscious, shall be promptly examined by medical personnel and should be monitored until examined by medical personnel.
5. The officer shall inform any person receiving custody, or any person placed in a position of providing care, that the individual has been subjected to the carotid control hold and whether the individual lost consciousness as a result.
6. Any officer attempting or applying the carotid control hold shall promptly notify a supervisor of the use or attempted use of such hold.
7. The use or attempted use of the carotid control hold shall be thoroughly documented by the officer in any related reports.

Question 24

Use of Force
In general, officers may use __1__ force to lawfully seize __2__ and to prevent the destruction of __3__. However, officers are __4__ from using __5__ solely to prevent a person from swallowing evidence or contraband. In the instance when force is used, officers should not intentionally use any technique that __6__, __7__ or which creates a reasonable likelihood that __8__ to the head or __9__ would be restricted.

Answer 24

1. reasonable
2. evidence
3. evidence
4. discouraged
5. force
6. restricts blood flow to the head
7. restricts respiration
8. blood flow
9. respiration

Question 25

Use of Force
__1__ use of force occurs when an officer uses words or gestures that are threatening, for example, pointing a __2__ or __3__ at someone to gain compliance.

Answer 25

1. Constructive
2. firearm
3. Taser

Question 26

Use of Force

Use of deadly force is justified in the following circumstances involving imminent threat or imminent risk: 1-3

Answer 26

1. An officer may use deadly force to protect him/herself or others from what he/she reasonably believes would be an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury.
2. An officer may use deadly force to stop a fleeing subject when the officer has probable cause to believe that the individual has committed, or intends to commit, a felony involving the infliction or threatened infliction of serious bodily injury or death, and the officer reasonably believes that there is an imminent risk of serious bodily injury or death to any other person if the individual is not immediately apprehended.
3. A verbal warning should precede the use of deadly force, where feasible.

Question 27

Use of Force
Imminent does not mean __1__ or __2__. An imminent danger may exist even if the suspect is not at that very __3__ pointing a weapon at someone. For example, an imminent danger may exist if an officer __4__ believes that the individual has a __5__ or is attempting to access one and intends to use it against the officer or another person. An imminent danger may also exist if the individual is __6__ of causing serious bodily injury or death without a weapon, and the officer believes the individual intends to do so.

Answer 27

1. immediate
2. instantaneous
3. moment
4. reasonably
5. weapon
6. capable

Question 28

Use of Force
Officers should __1__ of the path of an approaching vehicle instead of __2__ their firearm at the vehicle or any of its occupants. An officer should only __3__ a firearm at a moving vehicle or its occupants when the officer __4__ believes there are no other __5__ means available to __6__ the threat of the vehicle, or if __7__ other than the vehicle is directed at the officer or others.

Answer 28

1. move out
2. discharging
3. discharge
4. reasonably
5. reasonable
6. avert
7. deadly force

Question 29

Use of Force
Any use of force by a member of this department shall be documented __1__, __2__ and __3__ in an appropriate report, depending on the nature of the incident. The officer should __4__ the factors perceived and why he/she believed the use of force was __5__ under the __6__. To collect data for purposes of training, resource allocation, analysis and related purposes, the Department may require the completion of additional report forms, as specified in department policy, procedure or law.

Answer 29

1. promptly
2. completely
3. accurately
4. articulate
5. reasonable
6. circumstances

Question 30

Use of Force
Supervisory notification shall be made as soon as practicable following the application of force in any of the following circumstances: 1-7

Answer 30

1. The application of any force beyond compliant handcuffing.
2. The individual subjected to the force complained of injury or continuing pain.
3. Any application of the conducted energy device or control device.
4. Any application of a restraint device other than handcuffs, shackles or belly chains.
5. The individual subjected to the force was rendered unconscious.
6. An individual was struck or kicked.
7. An individual alleges any of the above has occurred.

Question 31

Use of Force
Prior to __1__ or __2__, medical assistance shall be obtained for any person who exhibits signs of __3__, has sustained __4__, expresses a complaint of __5__ or continuing __6__, or was rendered __7__. Any individual exhibiting signs of physical distress after an encounter should be continuously monitored until he/she can be medically assessed.

Answer 31

1. booking
2. release
3. physical distress
4. visible injury
5. injury
6. pain
7. unconscious

Question 32

Use of Force
Individuals who exhibit extreme __1__, violent __2__ behavior accompanied by __3__ sweating, extraordinary __4__ beyond their physical __5__ and __6__ to pain (sometimes called “excited delirium”), or who require a __7__ physical encounter with multiple officers to be brought under control, may be at an increased risk of sudden death. Calls involving these persons should be considered __8__. Officers who reasonably suspect a __9__ should request medical assistance as soon as practicable (see the Medical Aid and Response Policy).

Answer 32

1. agitation
2. irrational
3. profuse
4. strength
5. characteristics
6. imperviousness
7. protracted
8. medical emergencies
9. medical emergency

Question 33

Use of Force
When a supervisor is able to respond to an incident in which there has been a reported application of force, the supervisor is expected to: 1-7

Answer 33

1. Obtain the basic facts from the involved officers. Absent an allegation of misconduct or excessive force, this will be considered a routine contact in the normal course of duties.
2. Ensure that any injured parties are examined and treated.
3. When possible, separately obtain a recorded interview with the individual upon whom force was applied.
4. Once any initial medical assessment has been completed or first aid has been rendered, ensure that photographs have been taken of any areas involving visible injury or complaint of pain, as well as overall photographs of uninjured areas.
5. Identify any witnesses not already included in related reports.
6. Review and approve all related reports.
7. Evaluate the circumstances surrounding the incident and initiate an administrative investigation if there is a question of policy noncompliance or if for any reason further investigation may be appropriate.

Question 34

Use of Force
In the event that a supervisor is __1__ to respond to the scene of an incident involving the reported application of __2__, the supervisor is still expected to complete as many of the above items as __3__ permit.

Answer 34

1. unable
2. force
3. circumstances

Question 35

Use of Force
The Shift Commander shall review each use of __1__ by any personnel within his/her command to ensure __2__ with this __3__ and to address any __4__ issues.

Answer 35

1. force
2. compliance
3. policy
4. training

Question 36

Use of Force

Officers will receive __1__ training on this policy and __2__ their __3__ and understanding.

Answer 36

1. periodic
2. demonstrate
3. knowledge

Question 37

Use of Force
.At least annually, the Operations Bureau Commander should prepare or have prepared an __1__ report on use of __2__ incidents. The report should be submitted to the Chief of Police. The report should not contain the names of officers, suspects or case numbers, and should include: 3-6

Answer 37

1. analysis
2. force
3. The identification of any trends in the use of force by members.
4. Training needs recommendations.
5. Equipment needs recommendations.
6. Policy revision recommendations.