Moving Around Flashcards

1
Q

What types of stances are there?

A

Sprawling and Erect

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2
Q

What dictates a sprawling stance?

A

Limbs coming out to the sides

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3
Q

What dictates an erect stance?

A

Limbs under the organism

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4
Q

What are the benefits of an erect stance?

A

Able to passively hold more body weight and fast locomotion

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5
Q

What are the subgroups of an erect posture?

A

Cursorial limbs and Graviportal limbs

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6
Q

What kind of postures are there?

A

Digitigrade (on toes), Unguligrade (on toenails) and Plantigrade (on flat feet)

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7
Q

What are characteristics of cursorial limbs?

A

Elongated lower leg bones often have a digitigrade or unguligrade posture

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8
Q

What are Obligate Biped?

A

Animals that can only walk on two limbs

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9
Q

What are Obligate Quadrupeds?

A

Animals that can only walk on four legs

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10
Q

What types of animals can walk on two or four legs?

A

Facultative bipeds or quadrupeds

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11
Q

How did the common ancestor of dinosaurs walk?

A

they were an obligate biped

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12
Q

What dinosaurs were obligate quadrupeds?

A

Sauropods, stegosaurs and ankylosaurs

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13
Q

What muscle attaches the leg to the tail?

A

The caudofemoralis

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14
Q

What is the attachment site for the caudofemoralis called?

A

The trochanter

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15
Q

What is an ichnofossil?

A

Traces left behind by dinosaurs that have fossilized

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16
Q

What is a group of fossilized tracks called?

A

A trackwway

17
Q

How do we know that bipedal dinosaurs walked horizontally to the ground?

A

Trackways rarely showed any tail marks

18
Q

How can we determine the speed at which dinosaurs moved?

A

Trackways and leg length

19
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

An animal that can make its own heat

20
Q

What is an ectotherm?

A

An animal that relies on the environment for heat

21
Q

What is the major disadvantage of being an endotherm?

A

It takes a lot of energy

22
Q

What type of temperature adaptation do large animals tend to have?

A

Endothermic

23
Q

What type of temperature adaptations did dinosaurs have?

A

Endothermic and possibly gigantothermic

24
Q

What allows gigantothermic organisms to live like endothermic ones?

A

The cube-square law that shows that they would lose a relatively low amount of heat to the outside