Movements & Theories Flashcards
Architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities.
City Beautiful
Self-contained communities are surrounded by “greenbelts”, containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
Garden Cities, Ebenezer Howard
Large, pre-fab apartment houses at center of urban life.
Radiant City, Le Corbusier
Earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures.
Concentric Ring Model, Ernest Burgess
Advances the notion of transportation routes driving urban development proposed in the axial theory of urban development by recognizing the distinct areas of land use and how they either complement or oppose each other.
Sector Model, Homer Hoyt
A representation of urban structure based on the idea that the functional areas of cities develop around various points rather than just one in the central business district. Some of these points are pre-existing settlements, others arise from urbanization and external economies.
Multiple Nuclei Theory, Edward Ullman
Refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the CBD increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city center.
Bid Rent Theory
An urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types.
New Urbanism
Highlights the hegemonic establishment of the growth ideology in cities that portrays value-free development as beneficial to all residents. Real estate interests shape cities.
Growth Machine Theory, Harvey Molotch
A concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional downtown or central business district, in what had previously been a suburban residential or rural area.
Edge City
Encourages a mix of building types and uses, diverse housing and transportation options, development within existing neighborhoods, and community engagement.
Smart Growth
Focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. 3 pillars: economic, environmental, and social—AKA profits, planet, and people.
Sustainability
Human habitats ranging from the natural zone to the urban core zone. Geddes’ model is a precursor.
Transect Model
Laws passed after 1980 because of the reduction of available farmland, adversity from private and public nuisance actions, which hinder the prospect of farming.
Right to Farm Laws
A radical perspective of the future, designed to show how much better it can be than the present. The problem is that what is a dream of perfection for some may well be a nightmare for others.
Utopianism Planning, Burnham, Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright
