Movements

Question 1

Workers’ protests

Answer 1

• Putilov Steel Workers
• Bloody Sunday (400,000)
• 1914: first six months, 1.4 million went on strike
• Lena Goldfields Massacre
• 25 Feb 1917: Strike of 240,000 workers brought Petrograd to a standstill
• July Days

Question 2

Peasants uprisings

Answer 2

• 82% of population
• Mir
• Zemstvos challenged
• 1905: unrest
• 1906-11: Stolypin
• WWI (conscription/desertion)
• 1917: early peasants ransacked 2,000 estates and seized land after February

Question 3

Soldier/Sailor Mutinies

Answer 3

• 14 June 1905: Mutiny on Battleship Potemkin
• Sept 1905: troops returning from Russo-Japenese War controlled Trans-Siberian Railway
• 27 Feb 1917: Petrograd Garrison refused orders to fire on protestors
• 170,000 soldiers deserted the Russian Front just prior to the June Offensive

Question 4

SRs

Answer 4

• 1879: The People’s Will
• 1901
• Led by Chernov and later, Kerensky
• Terrorism
• Open membership
• Most support from peasants
• Land reform, democracy

Question 5

Bolsheviks

Answer 5

• 1903
• Led Lenin
• 1912: spilt made permanent
• The July Days
• Sept 1917: Bols. gained a majority in the Moscow Soviet (51%)
• 10 Oct 1917: Bolshevik Central Committee voted in favour of revolution

Question 6

Mensheviks

Answer 6

• 1903 split from Bols.
• Julius Martov
• 1912: split made permanent
• 1917: supported Soviet government based a coalition of socialist parties

Question 7

Octoberists

Answer 7

• Oct 1905
• Loyal to Tsar
• October Manifesto
• Wanted a constitutional monarchy but with a more powerful Tsar
• 20,000 members (landowners, factory owners, senior government officials)

Question 8

Kadets

Answer 8

• Oct 1905
• Led by Miliukov
• Largest liberal party
• Constitutional monarchy
• 100,000 members (industrial entrepreneurs, progressive landlords, lawyers and other professionals)
• 1917: hold prominent positions in the Provisional Government