Ideas

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

• Policy of Russification
• Russian Empire included 60 different nationalities
• Most ethnic minorities did not identity as members of the Russian Empire
• Reacted violently to Russification

Question 2

Liberal reformism

Answer 2

• Kadets were the largest liberal party in Russia (100,000 members)
• October Manifesto
• Liberals held most ministries in the Provisional Government before July Days

Question 3

Revolutionary populism

Answer 3

• 1879: The People’s Will formed (assassinated Alexander II in 1881)
• SR’s popular with peasants
• SR’s were the most popular opposition party in Russia during Tsarist regime
• SR’s and SD’s made the Second Duma more radical than the first

Question 4

Marxism

Answer 4

• “Workers of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains” (Marx)
• 1848: Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx
• Marxist ideology informed the political platform of the SRs and the SDs

Question 5

Marxism-Leninism

Answer 5

• 1902: What is to be Done? Published by Lenin
• Parvus’ theory of continuous revolution (1905) was adopted by Lenin
• April Theses: ‘Peace, Bread, Land!’ and ‘All power to the Soviets!’