movement towards agricultural co-operation Flashcards
why didn’t Mao jump into collectivisation
lander ownership was a temporary measure for peasants to get used to owning more land and avoid Russian disaster e.g. removal of Kulaks and the destruction of productivity
what was the first measure introduced as a transition into collectivisation
1951 introduction of mutual aid teams (MATs)
what were Mutual aid teams
Grouped peasants into single households usually less than 10 which encouraged to unite which they could pool their labour, animals and equipment while still allowing for private ownerships
enforced by peasant association, non members had less access to resources and could be of risk to persecution
was beneficial to poor peasants who were now able to produce more in collectives than individuals
what did MAT upgrade to
agricultural producer cooperatives 1952
what were agricultural producer cooperatives
made up of around 30-50 households similar to MAT but larger
making them more efficient and productive
while their was still private ownership but state would take a share and peasants than received money or grain as payment
what was the result of APC’s
1953 to 1954 grain only rose by less than 2% which was insufficient.
richer peasants would rather slaughter their animals then hand them over
when and why did APC’s become forced
after a series of backtracking then reverting APC’s in July 1955, Mao announced all out collectivisation by Jan 1956 75 million households were in APC’s (80%) and full abolishment of private property
as peasants were instinctively reactionary they would halt production and Mao needed reliable supplies to the city.
what was the goal of forced APC
a system of collectivisation and the abolishment of private property
what were APC’s turned into
higher level APC’s with around 200-300 households, profits where shared out by work points earned but meant that those who contributed little and those who contributed a lot where paid similarly
no land or equipment owned.
what happened by end of 1956
88% where part of high level APC’s
initial successes and failures of cooperation
ideologically success state owned means of production which 90% of people worked on
politically, control over people and Mao position in the party emphasised as he out played Zhou Enali but peasants now become servants of the party rather than allies + boosted Mao’s confidence
economically disappointing, only 3.8% increase not sufficient for growing industrial force + labour productivity low as peasants didn’t care + state investment low.
