Movement skills (ch 1)

Question 1

classification of a skill is based on…

Answer 1

• predicatbility of environment (open/closed)
• precision of movement (fine, gross)
• type of movement (discrete, serial, continuous)

Question 2

the 3 criteria when dertermining if open or closed

Answer 2

1) stability of environment (stable or unstable)
—> weather, crowd, playing surface, moving or stationary ball

2) pacing/timing of the skill (internally or externally paced)
—> opposition or individual sport, do defenders determine when you complete the skill

3) inter-trial variability (low, high)
—> is the skill performed the same or differently each time?

Question 3

predictability of environment - closed motor skill

Answer 3

performed in a predictable, self-paced environment with low inter-trial variability.

Question 4

explain how a free throw in basketball is closed motor skill

Answer 4

• the play is stopped (stable environment)
• throws from the same spot (low inter-trial variability)
• you determine when you move to shoot (internally paced)

Question 5

predictability of environment - open motor skill

Answer 5

performed in a constantly changing, externally paced environment with high inter-trial variability.

Question 6

explain how a field goal in basketball is open

Answer 6

• when player gains posession of ball based on if they have defender on them (externally paced)
• constantly changing as the game goes on (unstable environment)
• there is an opposition

Question 7

precision of movement

Answer 7

(fine , gross)

skills can also be classified according to the number & size of muscles or muscle groups involved in the activity.

Question 8

precision of movement - FINE motor skills

Answer 8

• involve the cooperative use of small muscle groups to produce precise & accurate movements.
• ## used when precision is important

Question 9

example of FINE motor skill

Answer 9

shooting in archery
darts throwing

Question 10

precision of movement - GROSS motor skill

Answer 10

• involve cooperation of large muscle actions that result in a coordinated & often powerful movement.
• Large muscle groups, generally minimal precision in movements

Question 11

example of GROSS motor skills

Answer 11

running & swimming
- there are large muscle groups being used & large movements made

Question 12

Type of movement

Answer 12

(discrete, serial, continuous)

Question 13

type of movement - DISCRETE motor skills

Answer 13

involve movements of brief duration & are easily defined by a distinct begining & end

eg a throw,kick or catch

Question 14

type of movement - SERIAL motor skills

Answer 14

series or group of discrete skills strung together to create a more complicated, skilled action

eg.
performing a gymnastics routine
or triple jump (run,hop,step,jump)

Question 15

type of movement- CONTINOUS

Answer 15

no distinct beginning or end

EG running, walking & swimming

Question 16

Fundamental movement skills

Answer 16

BASIC LEARNED MOVEMENT PATTERNS & FORM THE FOUNDATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FURTHER SPORT SPECIFIC SKILLS

-movement patterns that involve different body parts.
- are the foundational movements for more specialised sport-specific skills
- basis of all movements in sport.

Question 17

the 4 groups of FMS according to Aus Sports Commision

Answer 17

Object control
locomotive skills
body control
aquatic skills

Question 18

object control (FMS)

Answer 18

• kicking
• throwing
  -catching
  -hitting

Question 19

locomotive skills (FMS)

Answer 19

• running
  -hopping
  -jumping
  -skipping
  -using a wheelchair
  -using a prosthetic limb

Question 19

body control (FMS)

Answer 19

• balancing
  -tumbling
  -climbing

Question 19

aquatic skills (FMS)

Answer 19

floating
early swimming strokes
paddling
standing on surfboard

Question 20

sport specific skills

Answer 20

use a range of fundamental movement skills in a sequence

example, a high mark in Australian Rules football requires running, jumping and catching, as well as balance to
land. For this reason, successful skill execution in sports requires well-developed fundamental movement skills

EG - catching (object control)

Question 21

enabler

Answer 21

something or someone that has a positive effect on a persons movement skills

Question 22

link between motor skill development, participation and performance

Answer 22

Motor skills, participation and performance are interrelated. motor skills can be an enabler or a barrier to movement.

Question 23

barrier

Answer 23

something or someone that has a negative effect on a person’s movement skills

Question 24

Motor skills as an enabler of movement

Answer 24

• Early development of motor skills can lead to better performance in sports.
• most people enjoy doing things they are good at, better performance in a sport
  or activity will lead to even more participation in that sport or activity.

-The more a person participates, the more
they practice and develop their motor skills, and the better their performance becomes. This creates a positive feedback loop,

Question 25

Motor skills as a barrier to movement

Answer 25

• A person who has not developed their skills, perhaps due to lack of encouragement from peers, school or parents, may choose not to participate in sport and develop habits associated with a sedentary lifestyle from a
  young age.

-They may choose to play sport at some point, but due to a lack of skill, they may perform poorly and quickly become discouraged and demotivated from further participation.

Question 26

examples of enablers and barriers to movement - JAVELIN THROW (MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT)

Answer 26

motor skill development

ENABLER
- using lighter javelin allows children to focus on developing the correct technique, which develops their motor skills
faster.
There are also fewer safety concerns

BARRIER
- Using a standard javelin prevents children
from focusing on their technique, since they
cannot produce enough force to throw the
heavy javelin.
- The result is very little motor
skill development and low participation.

Question 27

examples of enablers and barriers to movement - JAVELIN THROW (PERFORMANCE)

Answer 27

PERFORMANCE
ENABLER
— Children experience success and their
performance improves.

–They are motivated to train further, and their performance gets
better with practice.

BARRIER
–Children often only manage to throw
short distances.
–They experience a lack of success and little improvement in their technique.
–They decide not to continue participating in a sport that they experience little success in.

Question 28

examples of enablers and barriers to movement - JAVELIN THROW (PARTICIPATION)

Answer 28

PARTICIPATION

         ENABLER --The plastic javelins are not viewed as dangerous, so parents are happy for their children to participate.  --The accessibility of the sport increases participation.
         BARRIER -- The heavy javelin can pose a risk of injury. This can intimidate potential participants and may cause parents to discourage their children from participating in javelin.

Question 29

modified sports

Answer 29

many mainstream sports such as tennis, netball & soccer have modified sports programs to encourage young people to participate in their sport.
EG – hot shots tennis, AusKick

Question 29

the purpose of modified sports

Answer 29

Each sport recognises the importance of overcoming the barriers that many children face in developing motor skills and performing and participating in their sport.

To address this, they bring children of the same age together to play with modified
rules (task constraints), which can include:
* shorter games
* no contact or tackling
* fewer players on smaller pitches or courts
* modified equipment, such as shorter goalposts in netball
* smaller and more colourful balls in soccer.

These sports acknowledge the link between motor skill development, performance and participation. They aim to encourage participation, fast track the development of children’s motor skills and thus increase their performance.