Movement skills (ch 1) Flashcards
classification of a skill is based on…
- predicatbility of environment (open/closed)
- precision of movement (fine, gross)
- type of movement (discrete, serial, continuous)
the 3 criteria when dertermining if open or closed
1) stability of environment (stable or unstable)
—> weather, crowd, playing surface, moving or stationary ball
2) pacing/timing of the skill (internally or externally paced)
—> opposition or individual sport, do defenders determine when you complete the skill
3) inter-trial variability (low, high)
—> is the skill performed the same or differently each time?
predictability of environment - closed motor skill
performed in a predictable, self-paced environment with low inter-trial variability.
explain how a free throw in basketball is closed motor skill
- the play is stopped (stable environment)
- throws from the same spot (low inter-trial variability)
- you determine when you move to shoot (internally paced)
predictability of environment - open motor skill
performed in a constantly changing, externally paced environment with high inter-trial variability.
explain how a field goal in basketball is open
- when player gains posession of ball based on if they have defender on them (externally paced)
- constantly changing as the game goes on (unstable environment)
- there is an opposition
precision of movement
(fine , gross)
skills can also be classified according to the number & size of muscles or muscle groups involved in the activity.
precision of movement - FINE motor skills
- involve the cooperative use of small muscle groups to produce precise & accurate movements.
- ## used when precision is important
example of FINE motor skill
shooting in archery
darts throwing
precision of movement - GROSS motor skill
- involve cooperation of large muscle actions that result in a coordinated & often powerful movement.
- Large muscle groups, generally minimal precision in movements
example of GROSS motor skills
running & swimming
- there are large muscle groups being used & large movements made
Type of movement
(discrete, serial, continuous)
type of movement - DISCRETE motor skills
involve movements of brief duration & are easily defined by a distinct begining & end
eg a throw,kick or catch
type of movement - SERIAL motor skills
series or group of discrete skills strung together to create a more complicated, skilled action
eg.
performing a gymnastics routine
or triple jump (run,hop,step,jump)
type of movement- CONTINOUS
no distinct beginning or end
EG running, walking & swimming
Fundamental movement skills
BASIC LEARNED MOVEMENT PATTERNS & FORM THE FOUNDATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FURTHER SPORT SPECIFIC SKILLS
-movement patterns that involve different body parts.
- are the foundational movements for more specialised sport-specific skills
- basis of all movements in sport.
the 4 groups of FMS according to Aus Sports Commision
Object control
locomotive skills
body control
aquatic skills
object control (FMS)
- kicking
- throwing
-catching
-hitting
locomotive skills (FMS)
- running
-hopping
-jumping
-skipping
-using a wheelchair
-using a prosthetic limb
body control (FMS)
- balancing
-tumbling
-climbing
aquatic skills (FMS)
floating
early swimming strokes
paddling
standing on surfboard
sport specific skills
use a range of fundamental movement skills in a sequence
example, a high mark in Australian Rules football requires running, jumping and catching, as well as balance to
land. For this reason, successful skill execution in sports requires well-developed fundamental movement skills
EG - catching (object control)
enabler
something or someone that has a positive effect on a persons movement skills
link between motor skill development, participation and performance
Motor skills, participation and performance are interrelated. motor skills can be an enabler or a barrier to movement.
barrier
something or someone that has a negative effect on a person’s movement skills
Motor skills as an enabler of movement
- Early development of motor skills can lead to better performance in sports.
- most people enjoy doing things they are good at, better performance in a sport
or activity will lead to even more participation in that sport or activity.
-The more a person participates, the more
they practice and develop their motor skills, and the better their performance becomes. This creates a positive feedback loop,
Motor skills as a barrier to movement
- A person who has not developed their skills, perhaps due to lack of encouragement from peers, school or parents, may choose not to participate in sport and develop habits associated with a sedentary lifestyle from a
young age.
-They may choose to play sport at some point, but due to a lack of skill, they may perform poorly and quickly become discouraged and demotivated from further participation.
examples of enablers and barriers to movement - JAVELIN THROW (MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT)
motor skill development
ENABLER
- using lighter javelin allows children to focus on developing the correct technique, which develops their motor skills
faster.
There are also fewer safety concerns
BARRIER
- Using a standard javelin prevents children
from focusing on their technique, since they
cannot produce enough force to throw the
heavy javelin.
- The result is very little motor
skill development and low participation.
examples of enablers and barriers to movement - JAVELIN THROW (PERFORMANCE)
PERFORMANCE
ENABLER
— Children experience success and their
performance improves.
–They are motivated to train further, and their performance gets
better with practice.
BARRIER
–Children often only manage to throw
short distances.
–They experience a lack of success and little improvement in their technique.
–They decide not to continue participating in a sport that they experience little success in.
examples of enablers and barriers to movement - JAVELIN THROW (PARTICIPATION)
PARTICIPATION
ENABLER --The plastic javelins are not viewed as dangerous, so parents are happy for their children to participate. --The accessibility of the sport increases participation.
BARRIER -- The heavy javelin can pose a risk of injury. This can intimidate potential participants and may cause parents to discourage their children from participating in javelin.
modified sports
many mainstream sports such as tennis, netball & soccer have modified sports programs to encourage young people to participate in their sport.
EG – hot shots tennis, AusKick
the purpose of modified sports
Each sport recognises the importance of overcoming the barriers that many children face in developing motor skills and performing and participating in their sport.
To address this, they bring children of the same age together to play with modified
rules (task constraints), which can include:
* shorter games
* no contact or tackling
* fewer players on smaller pitches or courts
* modified equipment, such as shorter goalposts in netball
* smaller and more colourful balls in soccer.
These sports acknowledge the link between motor skill development, performance and participation. They aim to encourage participation, fast track the development of children’s motor skills and thus increase their performance.
