movement skills Flashcards
massed
sessions done less frequently in week/activity within a session and last longer
eg. 2 2hour sessions a week
distributed
spaced out sessions throughtout the week or activities within the session
practice distribution
massed or distributed
practice variability
blocked, serial, random
blocked practice
same skill continuously without switching to another skill or rests eg. 100 tennis serves
serial practice
several planned skills rehearsed and performed i a sequence
random practice
random varied sequencing of different motor skills
types of feedback
external/ augmented
intrinsic
cognitive learners - what practice?
closed, blocked, distributed
associative and autonomous -suggested practice
distributed,open, random
frequency of feedback
how often an external source provides feedback to skill leaner - regular feedback important for skill acquisition
advantage of direct coaching
- coach does all thinking and decision making
- best for skill acquisition
- very structured and simplified
disadvantages of direct coaching
-learner X need to think for themselves makes it hard to transfer skills to game play
- can be boring and repetitive- decrease motivation and participation
constraints learning
interaction of individual and env. - coach sets constraints to focus on manipulating characteristics of sport
constraints coaching pos.
- game like scenraios that transfer into game play
- allow for tactical development
- more enjoyable and challenging
constraints based neg
-slower skill acquisition
- less structure
- hard to find coaches with detailed knowledge on skill
benefits of qualitative data
allows coach to learn about technique and provide specific error feedback and prescribe apporpriate form of practice to improve performance
preparation buzz
success criteria, info on performer. type of feedback - familiarise w skill
observation
direct - immediate but subjective
video / indirect- more accurate b/c can slow down hw need equiptment
evaluation- objective performance
impartial measurement with quantitative numercial data
evaluation - subjective performance
influenced by personal judgement on how the skill was performed
error correction - concurrent/ in game
calling out , using gestures , discusiion in breaks
error correction - terminal / training
visual models, manually guide a person through technique , modify training drills
motions
linear, general ,angular
what type of motion is swimming
general
inertia
tendency of a body to resist a change in its state of motion
force
push or pull exerted on a body to alter its state of motion
weight equation
mass x gravity
gravitational force
cause an object to fall towards earth/ the ground - parabolic path
frictional force
when two surfaces are in contact this causes friction which opposes motion
drag force
when object moves through air or water and opposes direction of motion - slowing an object down
force summation
correct timing and sequencing of body segments and muscles throughout the whole range of motion
force sum types
sequential and simultaneous
simultaneous force summation
multiple body parts move at same time
sequential force summation
activation of body parts used in a sequence
sequential force summation - how to increase force?
Strongest and largest body parts first, use as many body parts as possible, transferring momentum from one body part to another when at maximum velocity, ensuring an appropriate follow through to avoid unnecessary deceleration
momentum equation
mass x velocity
velocity
measure of an objects displacement over time
ang momentum
amount of motion an object posseses that is rotating around an axis
impulse
change in momentum (force x time)
impulse question - performance
- definition and equation
- increase time force is apllied to ….. this will lead to greater change in momentum and increase impulse
- increase distance/ link to performance
impulse - risk of injury q
- definition and equation
- increase time force is absorbed…. reduces impact force
- reduces risk of injury
acceleration
rate of change of velocity of an object
acceleration equation
= force ➗mass
torque
force that causes rotation (eccentric force)
torque equation
torque = force x lever
NFLOAM angular 1
angular motion of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque
velocity equation
displacement / time
speed and equation
rate of motion
distance/ time
projectile motion
an object in the air is propelled by application of an external force
factors affecting projectile motion
height of release, angle of release and the speed of release
angle of release
- optimal for distance is 45 degrees
- landing height > release = >45 degrees
- landing height < release = <45 degrees
height of release
increase height , increase distance b/c travel increase horizantal distance as increase time in air –> decrease angle of release - flatter trajectory - increase success
speed of release
increase force applied to projectile , increase speed and distance
equilibrium
state when there is a balance of forces
stability
degree to which body resists change in equilibrium
why position on edge of LOG
smaller force required to get them moving in required direction
advantage of increase length of lever
increase resistance arm , speed magnifier, increase range of motion and angular velocity , increase speed of release, increase distance
neg of increase length of lever
increase RA, increased MOI and decreased AV therefore harder to control and harder to overcome inertia - less likely to make contact with moving target
pos of decrease in lever length
decrease MOI and increase AV can swing more easily and control more easily - can connect with target (often for cognitive learners)
NSLOAM 2 angular
torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in direction of torque applied. proportional to size of torque and inversly proportional to MOI of object
