exam rev. Flashcards
benefits of increased La tolerance
-increase buffer ability of LA
-able to work at higher intensities anaerobically 4 longer beyond lip (>85%)
-able to work at max intensities
if i have a higher LA , will i have increase or decrease LA by end of 1 min
increased LA accumulated as can tolerate more
does CP ever completely deplete
no - all 3 energy systems contribute at all times
informed consent for a minor
MUST INFORM PARENTALS/ GUARDIAN
adaptations of HIIT
- increased capillarisation
- decrease systolic and diastollic bp
- increased mit size and no 📌
- increase LA tolerance
- increase resting glycogen content
- increase muscle oxidative capacity 📌
hyperthermia
- increase blood flow to surface of skin via vasodilation
- decrease blood plasmaa
TOO HOT
hypothermia
- increase blood flow via vasodilation to the vital organs to keep warm and sustain function
- shivering - utilises increased energy
TOO COLD
energy for muscle contraction
result from energy released during the splitting of the 3rd phosphate molecule - breaks the high energy bond and forms ADP +Pi
fats - blood and muscle
- body = adipose tissue
- muscle = triglycerides
- blood= free fatty acids
carbs
- blood= glucose
- muscles = glycogen
-body = adipose tissue
protein
-bodily fluid = amino acid
- skeletal muscle = muscle
LIP - vo2 and hr
- 74% vo2 max
- 85% mhr
fundamental motor skills
- stability skills
- locomotor skills
- manipulative skills
cognitive - what practice and feedback ?
- closed
-distributed - blocked
- primarily knowledge of performance cause cant detect own errors
associative - practice, variability and feedback?
- becomes open skill
-distributed - serial
- primarily external kop but also incorporate intrinsic feedback
autonomous - practice, variability, feedback
-open skill
-massed /distributed
-random
- primarily internal feedback
advantage of direct coaching
- skill acquisition
- very structured and coach makes all decisions - focus on understanding skill
disadvantages of direct coaching
- learner- x require to think for themselves - hard to transfer skills into game play
- boring and repetitive - decrease participation and motivation - also decrease success under pressure and increase risk of choking
advantages of constraints coaching
- practice game scenarios = decrease risk of choking
- tactical development and autonomous \
- more successful and more challenging - increase practice variability - increase enjoyment
- can link perception and action
disadvantage of constraints
- slower skill acquisition bc of variability
- less structured and controlled
- hard to monitor workload - decrease participation
- more knowledge needed for coach
constraints coaching
interaction bw individual and the environment affecting the learner - link bw perception and action
-game approach / open
qualitative analysis
systemic observation of quality of human movement and technique for purpose of providing specific feedback
evaluation - performance measures
- objective = impartial measurement without bias / measures time and distance
- subjective= influenced by personal judgement - refer to quality and characteristic of perforrmance
ways of error correction
- concurrent (in game)
- during training (terminal) =visual models, guide through technique, modify training w constraints based learning
mass
measure of amount of matter in an object
inertia
tendency of a body to resist a change in its state of motion
increase mass - increase inertia - increase force to overcome
force
push or pull on a body that alters its state of motion
weight
mass x gravity
frictional force
contact bw two surfaces - opposes motion
force summation
correct timing and sequencing of body segments and muscles through a range of motion
sequential - generate force
- strong and large muscles first
- use as many body parts as possible - force generated over greater period of time
-transfer momentum from one body part to another while at max velocity - ensure appropriate follow through in order to avoid unnecessary deceleration
conservation of momentum
when two bodies collide the total momentum is conserved/ the same . the total momentum prior to collision= total momentum after collision. momentum will likely to be transferred bw bodies
moment of inertia defintion
measure of an objects resistance to its rate of rotation
apply impulse to when a cricketer ‘ give in ‘ to the ball
b/c impulse = change in momentum (force xtime) , then increase time the force is applied - change in momentum increase - decrease impact force - easier to catch and reduced risk of injury
why does a ball with same force have different rate of acceleration
rate of change of velocity of an object + equation (m=f/a)
- must have different mass - lighter balls have a faster acceleration
1 NLOAM
angular motion of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque
N 2LOAM
torque applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in direction of torque and directly prop to size of torque and inversly prop. to object MOI
- increase torque increases acceleration
linear distance
path travelled from start to finish regardless of direction
linear displacement
difference bw final and initial position of an object
angular distance
equals angular distance covered by a rotating body
angular displacement
equal to final and initial position of rotating object
linear speed
rate of motion
distance - time
linear velocity
measure displacement of an object over time
disp / time
angular speed
rate of rotation
angular distance/time
angular velocity
rate of change of angular displacement
angle of release
- optimal for max distance = 45 degrees
- if landing height > release = >45 degrees eg bball throw
- if landing height< release= < 45 degrees eg javelin
balance
ability to control equilibrium
stability
degree to which body resist change in equilibrium
why would an athlete want to lean forward prior to race
positioning line close to edge of BOS or outside will mean small force is required to move the body in the required direction
- also increase bos and space for log to fall within - increase balance for tackles
activity analysis
- important link bw training& actual performance
- determine physical requirement of sport (es,mg,fc) so a specific training program = designed
types of activity analysis
heart rate monitor
w:r ratio
movement patterns
skill frequency table
health screening
- PARQ = identify health risks , medical conditions and previous injuries
- identifies that ind. can physically perfom the test
informed consent
-minors must have parents involved
-reveals aim of testing, purpose, risks and assurance of confedentiality
- aims to minimise social and physical complications/ risks
pre fitness test
- set a benchmark
- motivation
- strength and weakness
purpose for during and post test
- evaluate effectiveness
-motivation
physiologucal
- replicate requirements of the sport
- are they physically capable
accuracy
rules and guidelines strictly followed
relaible
can be replicated to produce consistent results
diminishing returns
gains in fitness more rapid at beginning of program and later becomes more difficullt to achieve
concentration
ability to focus on relevant cues and ignore noise
why develop fundamental motor skills
if x develop - then no chance to master fundamental motor skills - not develop sport specific skills - less likely to be successful in chosen sport - decrease motivation and likelihood of participation
activity analysis type
- movement patter = eg +fc
-hr = es
-w:r= es
skill freq = fc + mg + actions
how does age affect aerobic power
- peaks mid 20s then resume linear -ve trend
- decrease elacticity of lungs , decrease o2
- decrease hb levels and decrease mm and mitochondria
how does sex affect aerobic power
males>
- increase size of lungs
-increase hb
- muscle mass and mito
how does age affect anaerobic capacity
peaks at 30yo
- decrease muscle mass and protein synthesis - decrease power
sex affect on anaerobic capacity
males have increase testosterone - increase muscle m and places to store cp and anaerobic enzymes - increase ability to work anaerobically
reaction time
time bw stimulus and initiation of muscular response
coordination
ability to execute a sequence of movement smoothly and accurately
body comp
ratio of non fat components to fat ofbody - muscle / bone
how does sex influence fkexibility
females - generally more flex bc increase oestrogen which assists in joint laxity and will have decrease muscle mass
hiit
include work periods of high intensity interspersed with periods of passive rest or active/low intensity recovery
resistance training
use of body weight or additional weight to impact muscle structure
interval training
form of training where work intervals are followed by rest
circut training
- combines continuous and resistance training, consists of a series of exercises arranged in order to develop health related or sports specific fitness
plyometric
involves rapid eccentric contraction followed by a forceful concentric contraction
evaluate interval training
- ad = performed without fatigue associated with continuous
- dis= requires knowledge to set up
evaluate res training
ad- manipulated easy to target many fc
dis- require equiptment, background knowledge
evaluate circut
- ad= large groups , easy to overload
-disad= time consuming to set up - not most specific
types of curcuts
- fixed time
-fixed load - individual load - diff for each ind
plyometrics evaluate
ad = most specific way to develop power - minimal equiptment
disad= dangerous / vital to have technique
conditions for plyometrics
- low int to high - limit effect of fatigue
-warm up before - appropriate footwear
-ensure no preexisting injury or potential health risks
overtraining
long term decline in performance and physical functioning as body becomes psychologically and physiologically stressed
mental imagery benefits
-enhance conc on relevant cues
- moves arousal to optimal zone
-enhance neural pathway bw brain and the muscles
muscular acute responses
- motor unit recruitment
- increase firing rate of motor units
- increase a-vo2-diff
-depletion of fuels - increase muscle temp
- production of metabollic byproducts
acceleration definition
rate of change of velocity of an object
projectile motion
object propelled by application of external force when in air
- evaluates how factors influence flight path
torque
force that leads to rotation
