Movement Planes and Joints Flashcards
What is a fibrous joint? Give an example.
Fibrous joints are flat bones joined with fibrous tissue. An example of a fibrous joints are cranial sutures.
What is a syndesmosis? Give an example.
A syndesmosis is essentially an adjoining of bones by interosseous ligament or fibrous sheet (membrane). An example of this type of fibrous joint is the syndesmosis that adjoins the tibia and fibula.
What is a primary cartilaginous joint (Synchondrosis)? Give an example.
A synchondrosis is a highly moveable joint and can be characterized by the presence of hyaline cartilage. An example of this type of joint is the head of the femur.
What is a secondary cartilaginous joint (Symphysis)? Give an example.
A symphasis is a slightly moveable & strong joint that is bound by fibrocartilage. An example of a symphysis is vertebrea.
What is an articular (joint) capsule composed of?
A synovial joint is composed of :
1) Fibrous membrane (which connects opposing joint surfaces).
2) Synovial membrane
3) Synovial joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)
What is a synovial joint?
Synovial joints are the most common and functionally important joints in the body.
These types of joints usually surround two bony segments (360^) and are fibrous. These specific traits allow synovial joints to provide friction reduction fluid to various parts of the joint and subsequently provide nutrition for cartilage.
What does articular cartilage do?
Articular cartilage is a thin layer of connective tissue that covers weight-bearing surfaces of bones and reduces friction between the bony segments.
Explain the longitudinal axis.
The longitudinal axis passes through long bones, along their length (even if the bone moves).
Explain the sagittal axis.
The sagittal axis passes through joints, from front to back & it permits coronal plane movement.
Explain the coronal axis.
The coronal axis passes through joints, from side to side & it permits sagittal plane movement.
Explain adduction and abduction.
- movement of limb away from/towards the body
- around the sagittal axis in the coronal plane
Explain flexion and extension.
- movement that increases/decreases angle between articulating segments.
- around coronal axis & moves through sagittal plane.
Explain internal and external (AKA: medial & lateral) rotation.
- when ventral side of limb is facing medially or laterally.
- occurs around a longitudinal/vertical axis in a transverse plane.
List uniaxial joints and examples of each.
- Hinge joint (ie. elbow)
- Pivot joint (ie. forearm/vertebrae)
List biaxial joints and examples of each.
- Condyloid –> ie. palm
- Saddle –> ie. thumb
- Plane (*also triaxial) –> ie. hand, foot, vertebrae, etc.
