Movement of information

Question 1

Somatic information

Answer 1

what we are aware of, have control over.
voluntary muscle control = somatic efferent (motor)
Sensory information we are aware of = somatic afferent (sensory)

Question 2

Autonomic information

Answer 2

What we are not aware of, have no control over.
Involuntary muscle control = autonomic efferent (motor)
Sensory information that we don’t know about = autonomic afferent (sensory)

Question 3

Effectors

Answer 3

skeletal muscle fibres

things nerves go to and control

Question 4

Upper motor neuron

Answer 4

1/2 neurons between brain and effector
cell body in brain, axon in spinal cord
axon is myelinated

Question 5

Lower motor neuron

Answer 5

1/2 neurons between brain and effector
cell body in spinal cord, axon in spinal nerve
axon is myelinated

Question 6

Autonomic efferent nervous system:

two divisions

Answer 6

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Question 7

Autonomic efferent nervous system:

Answer 7

Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Glands
Adipose (fat) tissue

Question 8

Autonomic efferent nervous system:

Neuron #1 between brain and effector

Answer 8

cell body in brain, axon in brain or spinal cord (CNS)

Question 9

Autonomic efferent nervous system:

Neuron #2 between brain and effector

Answer 9

cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS), axon in PNS

Question 10

Autonomic efferent nervous system:

Neuron #3 between brain and effector

Answer 10

cell body in PNS, axon in PNS

Question 11

Autonomic nervous system:

Neuron #2

Answer 11

Cell body in CNS
Axon extends in PNS
Myelinated
Synapse in Autonomic Ganglion
Pre-ganglionic neuron
Neurotransmitter = acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 12

Autonomic nervous system:

Neuron #3

Answer 12

Cell body in PNS, autonomic ganglion
Axon extends in Pns, to effector organ
Unmyelinated
Synapse on effector organ
Post-ganglionic neuron
Neurotransmitter = Ach or norepinephrine

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system:

Sympathetic division

Answer 13

Prepares the body for acute/stress responses
‘fight or flight’ system
effects include increased heart rate, constricting blood vessels to skin viscera (increased blood flow to muscles), decreased gastric motility, decreased salivation, increased pupil size, increased sweating

Question 14

Autonomic nervous system:

Parasympathetic division

Answer 14

Prepares the body for restful situations
‘rest and digest’ system
effects include decreased heart rate, increased gastric motility, decreased pupil size, increased salivation

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system:

Sympathetic division - neuron structure

Answer 15

#2 = short axon
ganglion = close to CNS
#3 = long axon

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system:

Parasympathetic division - neuron structure

Answer 16

#2 = long axon
ganglion = distant from CNS
#3 = short axon

Question 17

Sympathetic nervous system:

preganglionic neuron

Answer 17

cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord (CNS)
axon is short
axon terminals and synapse in sympathetic ganglion

Question 18

Sympathetic nervous system:

postganglionic neuron

Answer 18

cell body in sympathetic region

axon is long

Question 19

sympathetic ganglia:

Answer 19

found on either side of the vertebral column
21-23 pairs
place where preganglionic (neuron #2) axons synapse onto postganglionic (neuron #3) input zone

Question 20

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

exit from CNS and position of ganglia

Question 21

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

exit from CNS and position of ganglia

Question 22

Parasympathetic neuron system:

preganglionic neuron

Answer 22

cell bodies in cranial (brainstem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels
axon is long
axon terminals and synapse in parasympathetic ganglia (in or near effector)

Question 23

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

cell body in parasympathetic ganglia in or near the effector organs
axon is short