Brain lobes Flashcards
Lobes of the brain (4)
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
Frontal lobe - anterior function + location
language and personality
anterior or lobe, anterior of brain
Frontal lobe - posterior function + location
motor control
posterior of lobe, anterior of brain
Parietal lobe function + location
sensation (somatosensory)
posterior to the frontal lobe
Occipital lobe function + location
vision
posterior of brain
Temporal lobe function + location
memory, hearing
inferior to parietal lobe
Major sulci, gyri, and fissures
Central sulcus Pre-central gyrus Post-central gyrus Parietal-occipital sulcus Lateral sulcus Transverse fissure
Central sulcus
location
separates frontal and parietal lobes
Pre-central gyrus
location
anterior to central sulcus
Post-central gyrus
location
posterior to central sulcus
Parietal-occipital sulcus
location
separates parietal and occipital lobes
Lateral sulcus
location
separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Transverse fissure
location
separates cerebrum from cerebellum
Major divisions of the brain medial view (5)
Cerebral cortex (cerebrum) Corpus callosum (white matter) Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum
Diencephalon
2 sections
thalamus
hypothalamus
Brainstem
3 sections
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
Cerebral cortex
structure (3 parts)
outer layer made of grey matter (cell bodies)
inner layers made of white matter (axons)
deep nuclei
3 types of white matter in the brain
commissural tracts
projection tracts
association tracts
commissural tracts
function
axons cross from side to side (both directions) so the right and left sides of the brain know what each other is doing and can coordinate
projection tracts
function
axons extend between cortex and other CNS areas outside cerebrum
association tracts
function
axons on the same side within the cerebral cortex. communication between brain areas, short or long distance
somatic efferent division
voluntary movement
two neurons between brain & effector: upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron
corticospinal pathway
two neurons between brain and effector:
- upper motor neuron (neuron #1)
- lower motor neuron (neuron #2)
upper motor neuron - neuron #1
function
cell body in 1˚ motor cortex
axon extends from motor cortex to spinal cord on opposite side
makes synapse on lower motor neuron
lower motor neuron - neuron #2
function
cell body in ventral horn (grey matter) of spinal cord
axon extends out of spinal cord (ventral root) into body
makes synapse on skeletal muscle
primary motor cortex
function
specific regions of the motor cortex control specific regions of the body’s movement
primary somatosensory cortex
function
specific regions of the somatosensory cortex receive sensory information from specific regions of the body
3 neurons between sensory receptor (in body) and somatosensory neuron in post-central gyrus
1˚ somatosensory cortex
dorsal/posterior column pathway - neuron #1
function
makes synapse on neuron #2 in medulla oblongata
1˚ somatosensory cortex
dorsal/posterior column pathway - neuron #1
location
- cell body in dorsal root ganglion (unipolar neuron)
- peripheral process (input zone) from sensory receptor in skin
- central process (output zone) ascends toward brain in dorsal columns (spinal cord white matter)
1˚ somatosensory cortex
dorsal/posterior column pathway - neuron #2
function
makes synapse on neuron #3 in thalamus
1˚ somatosensory cortex
dorsal/posterior column pathway - neuron #2
location
- cell body in medulla oblongata
- axon crosses to opposite side and ascends
1˚ somatosensory cortex
dorsal/posterior column pathway - neuron #3
function
makes a synapse on the cell body of a somatosensory cortex neuron
1˚ somatosensory cortex
dorsal/posterior column pathway - neuron #3
location
- cell body in thalamus
- axon ascends to somatosensory cortex
