Movement L1 Flashcards
descibe the history of the motor system
bi lateral columns of muscle - contract alternatively to produce swimming.
modulated by basal ganglia and cerebellum
T or F
We are largely unaware of how complex because our motor system learns to automate movements, freeing them from direct conscious control.
T
is locomotion generated within the spinal cord?
yes
often, simple automoated movement like locomotion is guided by?
sensory input
descrbie a negative feed back system
In simplest form such a system acts as a regulator, maintaining a given parameter (e.g. muscle length) at a fixed value (a ‘set point’).
Deviation from the set point can be detected by the sensors and a correction generated to nullify the deviation,.
negaive feed back leasds to what?
oscilations around the set point
big advantage of negative feedback systems?
An advantage of negative feedback systems is that they automatically compensate for unpredicted deviations from the set point (e.g. caused by noise).
cold shower phenominon?
too hot then too cold.
does ballistic movement use negative feedback?
no
motor plan formed and executed
predicitve feed forward control.
feedback is far too slow
describe kenneth craiks internal model system?
idea that the brain can simulate how the sensorimotor system behaves.
If the brain contains ‘internal model systems’: simulators that represents the mechanics of the body and the behaviour of the external world.
These can predict how it will behave in the future (for example in response to a current sensory signal or to a motor command).
Such a system could learn to predict which motor commands are useful in a given situation and even to mentally rehearse movements before actually making them.
how can an internal model learn?
comparing the outcome of a movement with the expected outcome. and adjusting for discrepancies
whats meant by efference copy?
copy of motor commands
predicts whats about to happen - faster than it actually happening
allows ofr regulatory feedback.
discrepancies compared for errors
where are efference copies of motor commands abundant?
copies of the motor commands (efference copy or internal feedback) are abundant in structures like the cerebellum, which are major centres for feedforward control.
Clearly this type of feedback model could not work for ballistic movement, are useful for fast movements that involve a sequence of elements.
Predictive motor control certainly involves - which parts of the brain?
Predictive motor control certainly involves the cerebellum and motor areas of cerebral cortex.
fat
mamba
