Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

homology to Glopus Pallidum interna

A

Substantia Nigra pars reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

homology to Glopus Pallidum interna

A

Substantia Nigra pars reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Direct Pathway in BG

A

Excitatory cortical neurons —>
Putamen —> inhibitory on GPi
GPi —> inhibits Thalamus

Total: Disinhibition of Thalamus —> more motor activity from Thalamus to cortex facilitating movement!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Indirect Pathway BG

A

Excitatory cortical neurons —>
Putamen —> inhibition of GPe —>
GPe —> inhibits STN
—> totaling in disinhibition of the STN!

STN —> excitation of GPi
—> by this GPi is excited and inhibits Thalamus

Total: indirect pathway is inhibiting the thalamo-cortical pathway = cortical inhibition: less movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SN to Putamen

A

D1 = activating (excitatory) direct pathway

D2 - inhibiting indirect pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Loss of SN neurons

A

1) less excitation of direct pathway = less facilitation of thalamo cortical movement
2) less inhibition of the indirect pathway (D2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Huntingtons BG physiology

A

loss of indirect pathway neurons: less suppression of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

medium spiny neurons in direct pathway from GPi to thalamus: Biochemistry

A

GABA
substance P
Dynorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

indirect pathway GABA neurons

A

Enkephalin colocalized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which neurons contain Acetylcholine in the BG?

A

Large Aspiny Striatal Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dopamine receptors with adenylate cyclase

A

D1

D5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Migraine serotonin pharmacology:

A

1) Serotonin agonists for 5-HT1B agonists
- - sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and naratriptan
- migraine and cluster

2) 5-HT1D agonist: vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5-HT1A

A

Azapirones such as buspirone, gepirone, and tandospirone are 5-HT1A agonists marketed primarily as anxiolytics, but also recently as antidepressants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5HT1B

A

Serotonin agonists for 5-HT1B agonists

    • sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and naratriptan
  • migraine and cluster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hoehn and Yahr

A

I - unilateral only, minimal or no functional impairment

II - Bilateral or midline involvement without impairment of balance

III - mild to moderate disability

IV - fully developed severely disabling disease; still able to walk and stand

V - confined to bed or wheelchair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathology of PD

A

1) SN: neuronal loss, gliosis, cytoplasmic inclusions: Lewy bodies pale halo
2) Lewy bodies also in locus coeruleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus,
3) intermediolateral column spine
4) Myenteric intestinal neurons show Lewy bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Braak and Braak staging

A

1&2: presymptomatic: Lewy bodies in medulla oblongata and olfactory bulb
3:&4: SN and other ncl
5&6: telencephalic cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Effect of anticholinergics in PD:

A

trihexyphenidyl, benztropine: muscarinic antagonists
Tremor reduction
rigidity reduction

no effect on bradykinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

L-Dopa Side Effects

A

nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, confusion, sleep disturbances, alterations of dream phenomen, hallucinations, dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thalamic DBS in PD effect:

A

1) 75% reduction in Tremor
2) small effect on rigidity
3) no effect on bradykinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MSA pathology

A

neuronal loss and gliosis:
striatum, SN, locus coeruleus, inf olive, pontine nuclei, purkinje, intermediolateral cell column, Onuf nuclei in sacral cord,

Glial intracellular inclusions: alpha synuclein

22
Q

Onuf nucleus

A

sacal cord lamina IX resposnible for micturition and defacation

23
Q

MSA wheelchair bound

A

5 years

24
Q

Granulovacuolar Degenration

A

1) in AD in hippocampus

2) in PSP in Brain stem

25
Q

Granulovacuolar Degenration

A

1) in AD in hippocampus

2) in PSP in Brain stem

26
Q

Direct Pathway in BG

A

Excitatory cortical neurons —>
Putamen —> inhibitory on GPi
GPi —> inhibits Thalamus

Total: Disinhibition of Thalamus —> more motor activity from Thalamus to cortex facilitating movement!

27
Q

Indirect Pathway BG

A

Excitatory cortical neurons —>
Putamen —> inhibition of GPe —>
GPe —> inhibits STN
—> totaling in disinhibition of the STN!

STN —> excitation of GPi
—> by this GPi is excited and inhibits Thalamus

Total: indirect pathway is inhibiting the thalamo-cortical pathway = cortical inhibition: less movement

28
Q

SN to Putamen

A

D1 = activating (excitatory) direct pathway

D2 - inhibiting indirect pathway

29
Q

Loss of SN neurons

A

1) less excitation of direct pathway = less facilitation of thalamo cortical movement
2) less inhibition of the indirect pathway (D2)

30
Q

Huntingtons BG physiology

A

loss of indirect pathway neurons: less suppression of movement

31
Q

medium spiny neurons in direct pathway from GPi to thalamus: Biochemistry

A

GABA
substance P
Dynorphin

32
Q

indirect pathway GABA neurons

A

Enkephalin colocalized

33
Q

Which neurons contain Acetylcholine in the BG?

A

Large Aspiny Striatal Interneurons

34
Q

Dopamine receptors with adenylate cyclase

A

D1

D5

35
Q

Migraine serotonin pharmacology:

A

1) Serotonin agonists for 5-HT1B agonists
- - sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and naratriptan
- migraine and cluster

2) 5-HT1D agonist: vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the brain.

36
Q

5-HT1A

A

Azapirones such as buspirone, gepirone, and tandospirone are 5-HT1A agonists marketed primarily as anxiolytics, but also recently as antidepressants.

37
Q

5HT1B

A

Serotonin agonists for 5-HT1B agonists

    • sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and naratriptan
  • migraine and cluster
38
Q

Hoehn and Yahr

A

I - unilateral only, minimal or no functional impairment

II - Bilateral or midline involvement without impairment of balance

III - mild to moderate disability

IV - fully developed severely disabling disease; still able to walk and stand

V - confined to bed or wheelchair

39
Q

Pathology of PD

A

1) SN: neuronal loss, gliosis, cytoplasmic inclusions: Lewy bodies pale halo
2) Lewy bodies also in locus coeruleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus,
3) intermediolateral column spine
4) Myenteric intestinal neurons show Lewy bodies

40
Q

Braak and Braak staging

A

1&2: presymptomatic: Lewy bodies in medulla oblongata and olfactory bulb
3:&4: SN and other ncl
5&6: telencephalic cortex

41
Q

Effect of anticholinergics in PD:

A

trihexyphenidyl, benztropine: muscarinic antagonists
Tremor reduction
rigidity reduction

no effect on bradykinesis

42
Q

L-Dopa Side Effects

A

nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, confusion, sleep disturbances, alterations of dream phenomen, hallucinations, dyskinesia

43
Q

Thalamic DBS in PD effect:

A

1) 75% reduction in Tremor
2) small effect on rigidity
3) no effect on bradykinesia

44
Q

MSA pathology

A

neuronal loss and gliosis:
striatum, SN, locus coeruleus, inf olive, pontine nuclei, purkinje, intermediolateral cell column, Onuf nuclei in sacral cord,

Glial intracellular inclusions: alpha synuclein

45
Q

Onuf nucleus

A

sacal cord lamina IX resposnible for micturition and defacation

46
Q

MSA wheelchair bound

A

5 years

47
Q

PSP pathology

A
  • midbrain atrophy
  • sylvian aqueduct dilated
  • SN depigmented orange shrunk
  • locus coreuleus (less prominent tan other PD)
  • frontal lobe, STN, sup cerebellar peduncle,
  • eriaqueductal grey

neurofibrillary tangles
Granulovacuolar Degenrations in Brain stem

48
Q

Granulovacuolar Degenration

A

1) in AD in hippocampus

2) in PSP in Brain stem

49
Q

Corticobasal Degeneration Pathology

A

brain atrophy
tau positive neuron and glial
astrocytic plaques

median survival 7 years

50
Q

CBD PET scan

A

asymetrical hypometabolism thalamus and motor cortex

51
Q

Guardeloupean PD

A 
french west indies
levodopa unresponsive
PD postural instability early falls
pseudobulbar palsy
PSP like

RETICULINE and COREXIMINE mitochondrial toxin in soursoup/corossol/guanbana/graviola

Neurology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions