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SPD > Movement and Utilities > Flashcards

Movement and Utilities Flashcards

1
Q

Which vehicular circulation system generates the most visually chaotic effect?

A

Linear

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2
Q

4 basic categories of traffic arteries

A
  1. Freeways
  2. Highways (arterial streets)
  3. Collector-distributor streets
  4. Local access streets
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3
Q

Which type of street usually doesn’t allow parking, is 2-3 lanes wide, and generally has a speed limit of 35mph?

A

Arterial streets – highways

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4
Q

Why are collector-distributor streets often discontinuous?

A

To prevent through-traffic and reduce speeds

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5
Q

What is the top of the road called?

A

The crown

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6
Q

What is the transverse slope of a street?

A

Between 1/8” and 1/2” per foot

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7
Q

How wide are traffic lanes on major roads?

A

11-12 ft

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8
Q

What are minimum widths of landscape strips at the roadside?

A

7’ min. with trees, 4’ min. with ground cover only

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9
Q

What is a tangent?

A

Straight section of the middle of the road which may or may not be level

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10
Q

4 rules of thumb for laying out a road

A
  1. Two curves in the same direction (broken back) should be separated by a tangent at least 200 ft long
  2. Two opposing curves (reverse) should be separated by 100 ft
  3. Two curves in the same direction with different radii should be avoided
  4. Simple curves may have tangents of any length
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11
Q

Vertical curving road alignment involves _____ curves rather than circular

A

Parabolic (flattened)

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12
Q

Intersections on a major arterial roadway should be separated by at lease _____

A

800 ft

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13
Q

Overall length of a cul-de-sac must be no more than ___ with a minimum turnaround radius of __.

A

400 ft… 80 ft

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14
Q

Max length of a block

A

1,600 ft

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15
Q

Min curb radii on minor intersections versus major street

A

12 ft versus 50 ft

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16
Q

What is the max # of cars per hour before you need a stoplight?

A

750

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17
Q

What is the max # of cars before you need a grade separation?

A

3,000

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18
Q

Most common grade separation intersection

A

Cloverleaf – simple, based on right turns

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19
Q

What is the advantage of a direct left-turn interchange?

A

More complex and expensive but allows more lanes to operate at high speed in all changes of direction

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20
Q

When do you use diamond intersections? Advantages?

A

Where expressways intersect secondary roads … They are simple and cheap, using little space

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21
Q

Slope of on ramps vs off ramps

A

Up ramps: bt 3-6 %

Down ramps: 8%

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22
Q

Which vehicular circulation network produces the most efficient use of land… With what one helpful side effect?

A

Linear system… But it also generates a large amount of commercial “incubator” (new business) space

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23
Q

What is a reasonable minimum width for a typical parking stall?

A

8’-4” (20” clearance bt full size cars)

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24
Q

Projection and bay width for 30° parking angles…

A

Projection: 15’7”

Bay width: 43’2”

25
Q

Projection and bay width for 45° parking angles…

A

Projection: 18’2”

Bay Width: 48’4”

26
Q

Minimum aisle width in the center of two parking projections… Creating a bay

A

12’

27
Q

To estimate total area needs, allow for _____ square feet of parking area per vehicle

A

400 SF

28
Q

Shopping centers require _____ to _____ ft.² of parking for every 1000 ft.² of tenant space.

A

3000 ft.² to 4000 ft.²

29
Q

How many parking spaces does an office building need for every 350 to 400 gross square feet of floor area?

A

1 parking spot

30
Q

Pros and cons of 30°, 45°, 60° angles versus 90° parking angles…

A

90° angles are less dangerous to back out of because of greater aisle width… But the other angles are easier to maneuver the vehicle into or out of.

31
Q

Why does acute angle parking take up more space?

A

Because of the curb length of each style, it’s length, and the triangular area at the end of each stall which is wasted.

32
Q

A ramp should never be steeper than 15%… But over 10% it needs ____, and at a driveway exit at a public sidewalk that can never be more than ____.

A

8 foot minimum transition slopes at either end… At a ranch driveway exit the slope cannot be more than 5% so that drivers can see pedestrians.

33
Q

Parking areas have to be sloped for drainage… What are the restraints?

A

At least 1%, no greater than 5%

34
Q

In order to stand comfortably in a crowd and move about easily without body contact, a minimum of ___ square feet per person is required.

A

13… If there is lesson than 7 ft.² per person, pedestrians move as groups rather than individuals.

35
Q

Suggested maximum walking distance

A

One quarter-mile to one half-mile

36
Q

How much time are people generally willing to spend on most urban travel, regardless of the mode?

A

30 minutes

37
Q

Express buses average _____ miles per hour

A

40 to 60

38
Q

Rail rapid transit averages ______ miles per hour

A

40 - 70 mph

39
Q

TOD

A

Transit oriented design

40
Q

Minimum width for two wheelchairs to pass each other

A

60”

41
Q

Walkways should not have a gradient greater than ______ or a cross gradient greater than ______

A

1:20 (5%) …. 1:50 (2%)

42
Q

Those flared sides where an accessible walk crosses a curb… Their slope is a maximum of…

A

1:10

43
Q

Maximum slope of an accessible ramp

A

1:12

44
Q

In parking areas with academic or administrative functions, with 7 - 50 parking spaces, how many handicap spaces should there be?

A

2 minimum

45
Q

In parking areas with academic or administrative functions, with 51 - 100 parking spaces, how many handicap spaces should there be?

A

3 min.

46
Q

In parking areas with academic or administrative functions, with 101 - 150 parking spaces, how many handicap spaces should there be?

A

5 min.

47
Q

In parking areas with academic or administrative functions, with over 150 parking spaces, how many handicap spaces should there be?

A

5 +2 minimum for every additional 100

48
Q

Three advantages of “infill” development.

A
  1. Possible lower first cost by reusing existing infrastructure
  2. Less environmental impact than disturbing natural open space
  3. Higher density development for more efficient use of infrastructure
49
Q

Five general principles for underground utility locations

A
  1. Wastewater lines, because of the gravity flow requirements, have first priority.
  2. Trunk (main) lines shouldn’t be located in major traffic arteries
  3. Trunk lines for several utilities should not be located in the same street
  4. Reserve the center of the street for waste water lines (unless the street is superduper wide enough to accommodate a dual wastewater system, separate waste lines for each side).
  5. All utility installations required for the next five years should be installed before street is paved, including service lines to the curb or property lines
50
Q

How many feet of clearance do you need between the water supply and the sanitary sewer?

A

10’

51
Q

The five primary components of a water supply system

A
  1. Water sources, including lakes, rivers, streams, and wells
  2. Transmission mains, including aqueducts, canals, and pipelines
  3. Water treatment plants
  4. Distribution systems
  5. Metered connections
52
Q

Grades are required to transport solids

A

One half to 2%

53
Q

Desired velocity of solid materials

A

No less than 2 1/2 ft./s and no more than 10 ft./s

54
Q

What is a “force main”?

A

Where ever waste is pumped over extensive horizontal distances

55
Q

Five components of a typical wastewater system

A
  1. waterway
  2. Outfall and treatment plant
  3. Trunkline/interceptor
  4. Submains
  5. Laterals
56
Q

Gas pipes are made out of

A

Welded steel

57
Q

How far can water travel before reaching a collection point for a storm sewer?

A

1000 feet

58
Q

Manholes are spaced about every

A

500 feet… And that the ends of lines and at each change in direction

59
Q

Drainage lines are generally designed with a slope sufficient to allow…

A

Self – cleaning. This is about 0.3% minimum, developing a flow speed of about 2 ft./s. You don’t want water flowing more than 10 ft./s.

SPD (6 decks)

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