Movement Analysis Flashcards
What components make up a lever system in the body?
- Lever arm
- Fulcrum
- Effort
- Load
What does the lever arm represent in a lever system?
The bone or body part being moved about a point.
Where is the fulcrum located in a lever system?
The joint where the lever arm pivots.
What is the effort in a lever system?
The force applied by the muscles to the lever arm.
What does the load represent in a lever system?
The resistance against the pull of the muscles on the lever arm.
In a first class lever, where are the load and effort positioned?
At opposite ends of the lever with the fulcrum in the middle.
What characterizes a second class lever?
The fulcrum and effort are at opposite ends, with the load in the middle.
What is the arrangement of a third class lever?
The fulcrum and load are at opposite ends, with the effort in the middle.
What type of lever is used in elbow extension?
First class levers.
What type of lever is used during plantar flexion at the ankle?
Second class levers.
Which type of lever is commonly used in elbow flexion?
Third class levers.
What does mechanical advantage measure in a lever?
How efficient it is at moving heavy loads.
How is mechanical advantage calculated?
Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ weight (resistance) arm.
What does a high mechanical advantage indicate?
A lever can move a large load with a small effort.
What is a characteristic of second class levers concerning mechanical advantage?
They have a high mechanical advantage.
What does a low mechanical advantage signify about a lever?
It requires a large effort to move a small load.
Which type of lever has a low mechanical advantage?
Third class levers.
How does the position of the fulcrum affect the mechanical advantage of a first class lever?
Closer to the load gives a high mechanical advantage; closer to the effort gives a low mechanical advantage.
What is a plane of movement?
An imaginary flat surface which runs through the body
How many planes of movement are there?
Three
What does the sagittal plane divide?
The body into left and right sides
What does the transverse plane divide?
The body into top and bottom
What does the frontal plane divide?
The body’s front and back
What is an axis of movement?
An imaginary line which runs through the body
What is the sagittal axis?
Runs through the body from front to back
What is the transverse axis?
Runs through the body from left to right
What is the longitudinal axis?
Runs through the body from top to bottom
True or False: Every body movement uses both a plane and an axis.
True
Fill in the blank: The movement type of flexion/extension occurs in the _______ plane.
sagittal
Fill in the blank: The movement type of abduction/adduction occurs in the _______ plane.
frontal
Fill in the blank: The movement type of rotation occurs in the _______ plane.
transverse
What is the axis associated with flexion/extension movements?
transverse
What is the axis associated with abduction/adduction movements?
sagittal
What is the axis associated with rotational movements?
longitudinal
List three sporting examples of flexion/extension movements.
- running
- forward roll
- tucked and piked somersaults
List a sporting example of abduction/adduction movement.
- cartwheel
List two sporting examples of rotation movements.
- full twist jump (trampolining)
- discus throw rotation
