Motovation Theories

Question 1

Who created the three needs theory, what are they A,A,P?

Answer 1

Mcelland
Achievement
Affiliation
Power

Question 2

To motivate employees a manger should identify the needs of the employees, explain each need?

Answer 2

Achievement- someone who wants to accomplish goals and receive positive feedback on success e.g. praise and independent work
Affiliation- be apart of group not stand out, given personal feedback not awarded in front group
Power- want to control/influence others strive off status and recognition

Question 3

Who created the two factor theory and what are the two factors?

Answer 3

Herzberg
Hygiene factors
Motivating factors

Question 4

Explain hygiene and motivating factors?

Answer 4

Hygiene factor - pay, working conditions, and policies e.g. health and safety. Without them causes dissatisfaction but not motivated by them.
Motivating factors- job enrichment, recognition, praise, rewarding work and empowerment

Question 5

Who created the hierarchy of needs and what are the five levels? Bottom to top

Answer 5

Maslow
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self actualisation

Question 6

Explain each level of the hierarchy of needs and apply to business?

Answer 6

Physiological- shelter, food, water so ensure good pay
Safety- stability, protection so security when entering workplace possible health insurance
Social- love and belonging, friendships so provide work parties or events e.g. sports to create social life
Esteem- respect from other and self esteem so provide bonuses celebrations, praise
Self actualisation- reaching full potential so offer freedoms to innovate, training, special projects

Question 7

Would created the expectancy theory and what is the calculation?

Answer 7

Vroom
Expectancy x valence x instrumentality = motivation

Question 8

What is each score in the expectancy theory rated between?

Answer 8

0-1

Question 9

What is expectancy?

Answer 9

How likely are they to fulfil the task, resources

Question 10

What is instrumentality ?

Answer 10

Do they believe the outcome will be received e.g. bonus will actually be given

Question 11

What is valence ?

Answer 11

How valuable the reward is to the person

Question 12

Who created a goal setting theory valuing the employees ? And what was his model called?

Answer 12

Drunker
Management by objectives

Question 13

What did drucker believe the managers primary purpose is ?

Answer 13

To enable employees to perform

Question 14

What did drucker strongly disagree with?

Answer 14

Managers being paid financial rewards for making staff redundant

Question 15

What are the 5 stages of MBO?

Answer 15

Review organisation objective
Set objective WITH employees
Monitor
Evaluate
Reward

Question 16

Who created a goal setting theory aimed at task motivation? And what were his 5 key terms ? CCCFC

Answer 16

Locke
Clarity
Challenge
Commitment
Feedback
Complexity

Question 17

Define each of Lockes stages?

Answer 17

Clarity- clear measurable specific goals
Challenge - must be challenging
Commitment- take ownership to feel motivated
Feedback- managers monitory and adjusting goal if necessary
Complexity- employee must not feel out of his depth, must have resources necessary to achieve

Question 18

Who published a book called in search of excellence which meant?

Answer 18

Peters
Trying to gain excellence from all employees

Question 19

Which leadership theorist did petered agree with and why?

Answer 19

McGregor ( theory x and y manager) as he beloved employees should be valued and empowered

Question 20

Why did peters dislike how large corporations were run?

Answer 20

Because they were obsessed with numbers and bureaucracy disregarding employees and people