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Adult Neuro > Motor Speech Disorders (Intro and Anatomy Review) > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders (Intro and Anatomy Review) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 stages of speech production?

A
  1. conceptualization
  2. linguistic planning
  3. motor planning
  4. performance
  5. feedback
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2
Q

What are the 4 speech subsystems?

A

respiratory
phonatory
resonatory
articulation

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3
Q

What is a motor speech disorder? and what do MSDs include

A

speech disorders resulting from neurological impairments affecting planning, programming, control or execution of speech
- apraxia and dysarthria

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4
Q

Compare and contrast: apraxia and dysarthria (results from, a problem with, characteristics)

A

A:

  • results from difficulty planning and sequencing sensorimotor commands
  • motor planning, muscles are intact
  • groping

D:

  • results from change in muscle movements
  • motor execution
  • affects many subsystems of speech
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5
Q

What causes MSDs? (6)

A
  • stoke
  • TBI
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • ALS
  • MS
  • Myasthenia gravis
    can be recuperative or degenerative
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6
Q

What is parkinson’s disease? Is there a cure?

A
  • degenerative condition affecting the motor system (basal ganglia)
  • NO cure (treated-Ldopa), can lead to dysarthria or dysphagia
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7
Q

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A
  • rigidity
  • tremor
  • slow movement
  • postural instability
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8
Q

What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

A
  • aka Lou Gehrig’s disease
  • degeneration of neurons leads to gradual muscles weakness and atrophy
  • difficulty swallowing and speaking
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9
Q

What is Multiple sclerosis?

A
  • auto immune disease affecting the myelin sheath that covers the axons of neurons
  • variation how it impacts everyone
  • lead to numbness, weakness
  • may cause dysarthria
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10
Q

What are the three types of motor speech therapy?

A
  • restorative treatment (make impairment better)
  • compensatory treatment (compensate for changes (prothesis, behav compensation))
  • AAC
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11
Q

How is dysarthria often treated?

A

which speech subsystem is most impaired (respiration, phonation, velopharyngeal function, artic)

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12
Q

What is motor learning?

A
  • includes acqusitiion of new motor patterns and retention of patterns over time
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13
Q

What are the 4 stages of motor learning?

A
  1. Acquisition phase
  2. Automatization phase
  3. Retention phase (transfer)
  4. Generalization
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14
Q

What do we need to make sure of in order to have a positive change in the clients everyday life?

A
  • make sure that motor speech therapy should have an impact at the activity or participation level of ICF
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15
Q

In neuroanatomy, what are the two systems we talk about?

A

central NS

peripheral NS

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16
Q

In the central NS what are the cortical areas?

A
  • primary motor cortex
  • primary sensory cortex
  • premotor cortex
  • supplementary motor area
17
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A
  • controls voluntary motor movements on the opposite side of body
  • direct activation pathway
  • somatotopically organized
18
Q

What is the premotor area?

A
  • input from multiple sensory modalities

- uses sensory info to guide motor behaviours

19
Q

What does the supplementary motor area do ?

A
  • contributes to planning, initiation, inhibition

- maintain complex movements

20
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A
  • gives knowledge about where speech structures are and the movement velocity
  • get feedback
21
Q

What is the cerebellums role?

A
  • timing, scaling, and coordination of movement
22
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A
  • modulatory effect on movement
  • role in movement initiation/selection
  • procedural learning
23
Q

In the peripheral nervous system, what are the 5 different cranial nerves

A 
V- trigeminal
VII- facial
IX- glossopharyngeal
X- vagus
XII- hypoglossal
24
Q

TRIGEMINAL
S, M or B?
functions?
What if it was affected?

A
  • both
  • S: facial sensation, anterior tongue
  • M: mastication, tensor veli palantini
  • difficulty opening and closing, sensation in face
25
Q

FACIAL
S, M or B?
functions?
What if it was affected?

A
  • both
  • S: taste of anterior tongue, glands
  • M: facial expression
  • face droop, expression, taste, smile
26
Q

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
S, M or B?
functions?
What if it was affected?

A
  • both
  • S: taste, pharynx
  • M: stylopharyneus
  • speech is not affected?
27
Q

VAGUS
S, M or B?
functions?
What if it was affected?

A
  • both
  • S: sensation of larynx, pharynx
  • M: levatorveli palantini, laryngeal muscles
  • soft pallet not moving, nasality, voicing
28
Q

HYPOGLOSSAL
S, M or B?
functions?
What if it was affected?

A
  • motor
  • M: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
  • tongue sticks out to one side
29
Q

What happens when your spinal nerves are affected?

A
  • control breathing
  • damage to diaphragm
  • need breathe support

Adult Neuro (6 decks)

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