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Neuro > Motor Speech Disorders > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Speech Motor Control

A

an individual’s control of muscular coordination involved with the production of speech

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2
Q

Motor Speech Disorder

A

impairment of speech production caused by defects of the neuromuscular system, the motor system or both

defects involve programing, planning and or execution of speech

cannot be explained by other disorders such as language, cognitive or phonological impairments

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3
Q

5 Domains of Language

A

Pragmatics, Phonology, Syntax, Semantics, Morphology

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4
Q

5 Sensory Domains

A

Pain, Temperature, Touch, Vibration, Proprioception

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5
Q

5 Domains Speech Sound Production

A 
Respiration
Phonation 
Resonation 
Articulation 
Prosody
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6
Q

Respiration (key structures, muscles/articulators)

A

Key Structures- Lungs

Muscles/Articulators- Respiratory Musculature

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7
Q

Phonation (key structures, muscles/articulators)

A

Key Structures- Larynx

Muscles/Articulators- Vocal folds

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8
Q

Resonation (key structures, muscles/articulators)

A

Key Structures- Velopharyngeal Port

Muscles/Articulators- Velum and Pharynx

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9
Q

Articulation (key structures, muscles/articulators)

A

Key Structures- Oral Cavity/Articulators

Muscles/Articulators- Mandible (jaw), lips, tongue, teeth

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10
Q

Prosody (key structures, muscles/articulators)

A

Key Structures- all others

Muscles/Articulators- impacted by all

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11
Q

Muscles can be….

A 
paralyzed (unable to move)
weak (inability to move adequately) 
spastic (too much tone, tight) 
flaccid (too little tone, loose, flabby)
uncoordinated

muscle can…

  • move to far or not far enough
  • in the wrong direction
  • move with too much or too little strength
  • move at the wrong time in sequence or stop moving
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12
Q

Disorders of Motor Planning/Programing

A

inability to group/sequence the relevant muscles with respect to one another in order to plan or program movement

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13
Q

Disorders of Execution

A

deficiency or inefficiency in basic physiological or movement characteristics of the muscles such as tone, speech and or range

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14
Q

Apraxia of Speech (AOS)

A

AOS is the inability to transform a linguistic representation into appropriate coordinated muscular movements of the articulators

  • disorder of motor planning/programming
  • planning: process that defines/sequences of articulation goals prior to their occurrence
  • programming: process for establishing and preparing the flow of motor information across muscles for speech production and specifying timing and force required for all movements
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15
Q

AOS Characteristics

A
  • effortful, slow speech w/increased pauses b/w syllables and sounds
  • prolonged duration of speech sounds
  • distortion of the speech sounds
  • reduced prosody (pitch, duration, loudness b/w stress, and unstressed syllables)
  • groping
  • absence of muscular weakness
  • increased difficulty as the utterance length advances
  • inconsistent errors
  • no weakness
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16
Q

AOS Etiologies

A
  • damage is most usually near Broca’s area

- damage may be to the perisylvian area

17
Q

Dysarthria

A
  • “slurred speech”
  • disruption in the execution of speech muscle movements
  • execution: process responsible for activating relevant muscles during the movements used in speech production
  • involves all speech production domains
  • results from damage to the to the CNS or PNS
  • will always show some degree of weakness, slowness, incoordination, or alteration of muscle tone
18
Q

Dysarthria Etiologies

A
  • developmental
  • recovering
  • stable
  • degenerative
  • exacerbating and remitting
19
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • center for coordination of smooth, accurate, voluntary movements
  • doesnt initiate motor action
  • serves in regulation of force, speed, range, timing, and direction of movement originating from the pyramidal system
  • gait, limb coordination and balance will be impacted
  • movements will be slow in starting and in accomplishing there objective
20
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • repetitive motions will be slow and irregular
  • alternating movements will be irregular
  • hypotonicity and flaccidity of muscles is frequently present
  • gait may be broad based w/impairment in equilibrium
  • intention tremors
  • intention tremors may be present in speech; laryngeal musculature may also be impacted
21
Q

Etiologies of Cerebellar Damage

A
  • tumor
  • CVA
  • demyelinating disease (MS)
  • inherited degenerative disease
  • encephalitis
  • alcohol toxicity
  • cancer
  • vascular lesions
22
Q

Flaccid Dysarthria

A

Perceptual Characteristics: Hypernasality, CI, Breathiness, Mono pitch, Nasal emission

Localization: LMN (stroke in brainstem

Etiologies: tumor, MG, stroke, virus

Neuromuscular Conditions: Flaccid paralysis, weakness, hypotonia, muscle atrophy, fasciculations

23
Q

Ataxic Dysarthria

A

Perceptual Characteristics: CI, Excess & Equal stress, Irregular articulatory breakdown (IAB), Distorted vowels, harsh voice quality, prolonged phonemes & intervals

Localization: Cerebellum

Etiologies: CVA, tumor, trauma, congenital

Neuromuscular Conditions: inaccurate movements, slow movements, low tone

24
Q

Spastic Dysarthria

A

Perceptual Characteristics: CI, Mono pitch, Reduced stress, harsh voice quality (strained strangle) mono loudness

Localization: UMN (stroke in cortex)

Etiologies: tumor, CVA, trauma, infection

Neuromuscular Conditions: spastic paralysis, weakness, limited ROM, slowness of movements

25
Q

Spastic-Flaccid Dysarthria

A

Perceptual Characteristics: CI, Hypernasality, Harsh voice, Slow rate, Mono pitch

Localization: UMN & LMN

Etiologies: CVA, trauma, ALS

Neuromuscular Conditions: weakness, slow movements, limited ROM

26
Q

Spastic-Ataxic-Hypokinetic

A

Perceptual Characteristics: Reduced stress, mono pitch, mono loudness, CI, Slow rate

Localization: UMN, Cerebellum, EPS

Etiologies: Wilson’s Disease

Neuromuscular Conditions: intention tremors, rigidity, spasticity, slow movements

27
Q

Unilateral UMN Dysarthria

A

Perceptual Characteristics: CI, Slow AMR’s, Harsh voice, Impersice AMR’s, irregular AMR’s

Localization: UMN (sometimes EPS)

Etiologies: CVA, trauma

Neuromuscular Conditions: unilateral weakness, spasticity

28
Q

Spastic-Ataxic-Flaccid

A

Perceptual Characteristics: Impaired loudness control, Harsh voice, Imprecise articulation, Imprecise emphasis, Decreased vital capacity

Localization: variable UMN, Cerebellum, LMN

Etiologies: MS

Neuromuscular Conditions: variable spasticity, weakness, slow movement, limited ROM, inaccurate movements

Neuro (4 decks)

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