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Physiotherapy - Neuro > Motor Skills Acquisition > Flashcards

Motor Skills Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

crossed extension reflex

A

integration: medulla position: supine, head midline, 1LE flexed, 1LE extended stimulation: flexion of extended LE response: extension of other LE

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2
Q

flexion withdrawal

A

integration: medulla position: supine, head midline, LE extension stimulation: stimulate plantar surface of one foot response: flexion of stimulated LE

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3
Q

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

A

integration: pons position: supine, head in midline stimulation: turn head to one side (leave there) response: extension of face-side extremities, flexion of occiput-side extremities

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4
Q

symmetrical tonic neck reflex

A

integration: pons position: supported quaruped position stimulation: extension of neck response: extension of UE and flexion of LE * opposite for flexion of neck

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5
Q

tonic labyrinthine reflex

A

integration: vestibular system? position: supine or prone stimulation: being in supine position or slight neck extension (or being in prone position or slight neck flexion) response: increased extensor tone (or flexor tone)

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6
Q

positive support

A

integration: vestibular system? position: vertical suspension stimulation: touch plantar surface of foot on firm surface response: increased flexor tone

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7
Q

neck on body righting reaction

A

integration: midbrain position: supine, head midline, extremities extended stimulation: turning head/body to one side response: log rolling in same direction as head

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8
Q

body on body righting reaction

A

integration: midbrain position: supine, head midline, extremities extended stimulation: turning head/body to one side response: segmental rolling

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9
Q

labyrinthine neck righting

A

integration: midbrain position: vertical suspension stimulation: lateral movements response: righting of head to vertical position

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10
Q

visual neck righting

A

integration: midbrain position: vertical suspension stimulation: lateral movements response: righting of head to vertical position

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11
Q

equilibrium reaction

A

integration: cortical position: any position stimulation: lateral/rotation movements response: brings back COG over base of support

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12
Q

protection reaction

A

integration: cortical position: any position stimulation: COG pushed out of base of support response: hand/foot placement to create new base of support

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13
Q

moro reflex

A

integration: semi-circular canals position: semi-sitting position stimulation: take away head support response: shoulder ABD, elbow extension, hand opening

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14
Q

landau reflex

A

integration: semi-circular canals? position: prone in space stimulation: raise head (actively or passively) response: total extension

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15
Q

parachute reflex

A

integration: semi-circular canals? position: prone in space stimulation: head towards ground response: elbow and wrist extension, finger extension, and ABD

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16
Q

how many stages in supine acquisition?

A

6

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17
Q

describe supine stage 1

A
  • random movements (from hips and shoulders), no flexion control
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18
Q

describe supine stage 2

A
  • asymmetric tonic neck reflex, visual tracking, neck extension increased
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19
Q

describe supine stage 3

A
  • antigravity neck flexor control (capital flexion), hand flexion (against gravity)
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20
Q

describe supine stage 4

A
  • VOR (dissociation head and eye movements), abs activate, hands to knees, flexed roll to side, ant. pelvic tilt (w post. tilt too), midline neck control
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21
Q

describe supine stage 5

A

-feet to mouth (obliques, abdominal, hip flexors, post. pelvis tilt) - roll to side lying then to prone

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22
Q

describe supine stage 6

A
  • head raised off surface! - rolls directly to prone (initiated with neck flex or upper extremity) - begins to dissociate body segments - bridging! (hip extend, knee flex) - good pelvic control - lateral righting reaction begins
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23
Q

what is the order of the protective reactions?

A

1) forward 2) sideways 3) backwards

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24
Q

motor development pursues what 3 main goals?

A

1) upright posture 2) mobility 3) manipulation

25
Q

what is the sequence of progression at each stage? direction? control?

A

1) extension 2) flexion 3) rotation direction: head to feet control: proximal to distal

26
Q

describe prone 1

A

initiate antigravity neck extension, elbows behind shoulders

27
Q

what movement is first, prone supine?

A
  • prone to supine first! - bc extensors developed first
28
Q

describe prone 2

A
  • spine extension, lift head further, no midline control - start WB on forearms (elbows still behind shoulders) - accidental rolling to side (bc of head)
29
Q

describe prone 3

A
  • complete neck extension w control - can free upper trunk - elbows in line w shoulders, wb on forearms - frog position of legs
30
Q

describe prone 4

A
  • chest elevated (lumbar extension) - weight shifting - forearms when turning head
31
Q

describe prone 5

A
  • WB on hands, elbows in front of shoulders - swimming in prone! - weight shift to reach for toy
32
Q

describe prone 6

A
  • head dissociated from trunk - pivot by pushing with UE - begins to dissociate ab control
33
Q

describe prone 7

A
  • crawling on stomach (commando crawling) - 4 point balance - excellent control while reaching for toy
34
Q

describe prone 8

A
  • begins to move in 4 point position - kneeling without UE support
35
Q

describe prone 9

A
  • equilibrium reactions present - can climb over obstacles
36
Q

describe sitting 1

A
  • pull to sit=no reaction, head lag
37
Q

describe sitting 2

A
  • pull to sit = attempts at head lifting
38
Q

describe sitting 3

A
  • pull to sit = head more stable, but remains asymmetrical, UE participation - labyrinthine and optical righting emerging - supported sitting!! - sacral sitting - suppoerted sitting: head control present, upper trunk control
39
Q

describe sitting 4

A
  • pull to sit = good head control (midline, neck flexors), baby anticipates movement - still supported sitting: head midline!
40
Q

describe sitting 5

A
  • pull to sit: active abs and LE - supported sitting: propped on extended arms, flexed position, wide BOS, UE maintains position
41
Q

describe sitting 6

A
  • actively can pull to sit! - forward protection reaction - frees UE for object manipulation
42
Q

describe sitting 7

A
  • trunk rotations and weight shifting present
43
Q

describe sitting 8

A
  • lateral protective reaction - different LE positions (long sitting=most difficult) - reaches outside base of support for toys - pull to kneeling
44
Q

describe sitting 9

A
  • stability and mobility of pelvis and hips
45
Q

describe sitting 10

A
  • pivots, sitting from side-lying - backward protection reaction - fine motor movements developed
46
Q

describe sitting 11

A
  • very stable, equilibrium reactions present, squat position, sitting on small benches
47
Q

describe standing 1

A
  • supported standing - hips behind shoulders - WB medial surface of foot until hip extensors activate (then to lateral)
48
Q

describe standing 2

A
  • pulls to stand using UE
49
Q

describe standing 3

A
  • pull to stand using half-kneeling - BOS wide, hips flexed, head trunk pelvis aligned - moves along furniture - begins to step, but remains in flexion (supported at UE)
50
Q

describe standing 4

A
  • maintains w 1-hand support - squat w support - climb up stairs (not down)
51
Q

describe standing 5

A
  • walk with 1-hand support but pattern immature - creeping with objects of varying heights
52
Q

describe standing 6

A
  • can stand with no support - wide BOS - when supported can squat and raise on tiptoes - LE still flexed
53
Q

describe gait at 12 months

A
  • independent walking, wide BOS, high UE, poor hip extension/pelvic rotation
54
Q

describe gait at 14-15 months

A
  • improved hip control - arm swing and UE down - feet flat ( no plantar arch) - equilibrium rxns improved - stop and go without falling, walk backwards, carry object
55
Q

describe walking at 18 months

A
  • BOS = pelvis width - begins to extend hip and knee during stance - decreased hip abduction and external rotation during swing, begins to heel strike
56
Q

describe walking at 2 years

A
  • dissociated UE movements - harmonious walk w push-off - can step over low obstacles - running and stopping without falling present
57
Q

describe walking at 3, 5, and 7 years

A
  • 3 years: gait pattern mature, parameters not - 5 years: stable, harmonious gait - 7 years: adult parameters
58
Q

describe the main changes affecting motor skills in aging

A
  • note hip and trunk strategies used more than ankle
59
Q

describe changes to locomotion in aging

A

Physiotherapy - Neuro (3 decks)

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