Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE > MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE > Flashcards

MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

Is motor neuron disease a disease of the upper or lower motor neurons?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the five main types of motor neuron disease?

A 
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Progressive bulbar palsy
Primary lateral sclerosis
Primary muscular atrophy
Pseudobulbar palsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does motor neuron disease affect only the motor neurons?

A

No, it also affects the cognitive centres, cerebellar and extrapyramidal pathways, as well as sensory system in some cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

A

2 per 100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis more common in men or women?

A

Men (2:1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mean age of onset of amyotrophic motor neuron disease?

A

60 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mean duration of survival post diagnosis of amyotrophic motor disease?

A

3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affect upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the classical signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

A 
Wasting of intrinsic muscles of the hand
Wasting and fasciculations of the legs 
Wasting and fasciculations of the tongue
Brisk reflexes in the triceps, brachioradialis, knee and ankle and brisk jaw jerk reflex
Extensor plantar reflex
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Increased tone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis normally generalised or focal?

A

Focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis normally distal or proximal?

A

Distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis normally symmetrical or asymmetrical?

A

Asymmetrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the features of ‘flail arm variant’ of motor neuron disease?

A

Symmetrical, proximal flaccid weakness of the arms, with sparing elsewhere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the extra-motor features associated with motor neuron disease?

A

Cognitive impairment

Frontotemporal dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does progressive muscular atrophy affect upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both?

A

Lower motor neurons predominantly but then progresses to involve upper motor neurons as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the signs associated with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA)?

A

Wasting
Weakness
Fasciculations
Tendon reflexes are usually preserved

17
Q

Where does progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) usually start?

A

In the small muscles of the hands or feet. Asymmetric distribution

18
Q

What does ‘bulbar’ refer to, in bulbar palsy?

A

The lower brainstem motor nuclei

19
Q

Does progressive bulbar palsy affect the upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both?

A

Lower motor neurons

20
Q

What are the classic clinical features associated with progressive bulbar palsy?

A 
Prominent fasciculations of the tongue
Wasting of the tongue
Weak palate - nasal regurgitation
Nasal voice
Normal or absent jaw jerk
21
Q

What are the classic clinical features associated with pseudobulbar palsy?

A 
Spastic dysarthria (Donald-Duck voice)
Dysphagia
Hypersalivation
Laryngospasm
Emotional lability
22
Q

What symptoms do 25% of motor neuron disease patients initially develop?

A

Bulbar signs

23
Q

Do those who motor neuron disease patients, who have symptoms restricted to the tongue and muscles innervated by lower cranial nerves, have a better or worse prognosis than more generalised ALS? Why?

A

Those with progressive bulbar palsy and pseudobulbar palsy often have a worse prognosis because they are more at risk of aspiration. These patients often lose the ability to speak.

24
Q

Does pseudobulbar palsy affect the upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both?

A

Upper motor neurons

25
Q

Does primary lateral sclerosis affect the upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons or both?

A

Upper motor neurons

26
Q

How is the diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis made?

A

After the signs and symptoms of motor neuron disease have remained for three years as solely upper motor neuron.

27
Q

Do patients with primary lateral sclerosis have a better or worse prognosis than other motor neuron disease patients?

A

Better

28
Q

What is the gene associated with motor neuron disease?

A

Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1)

29
Q

What does electromyography of a patient with motor neuron disease show?

A

Fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves - indicating presence of denervation in the muscles supplied by more than one spinal region.

30
Q

What might a nerve conduction study in someone with motor neuron disease reveal?

A

Reduction in amplitude

31
Q

What are the drugs used in the management of motor neuron disease?

A

Riluzole - a glutamate receptor antagonist

32
Q

What effect on morbidity prognosis does riluzole have for motor neuron disease?

A

Nothing. It has no effect on disability but it increases survival by 2-3 months.

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions