HEADACHES AND CRANIOFACIAL PAIN Flashcards
What is a primary headache?
One where the headache and its features are the disease itself.
What is a secondary headache?
Headache is a result of another pathological process.
What are some examples of primary headaches syndrome?
Migraines
Tension-type headaches
Cluster headaches
What are some examples of secondary headache causes?
Systemic infection Head injury Subarachnoid haemorrhage Vascular disorders Brain tumours
What are the features of a tension-type headache?
Bandlike dull headache Scalp tenderness Aggravated by noise and light Lasts hours to days No abnormal physical signs
What are the management options for someone experiencing tension-type headaches?
Physical treatment such as massage and relaxation therapy.
Simple analgesics: paracetamol, aspirin, other NSAID
When chronic (lasting more than 15 days per month): Amitriptyline
What are the paradoxical causes of a tension-type headache?
Chronic use of analgesics such as paracetamol and opiate based painkillers.
What is a migraine?
A common, often familial, condition characterised by an episodic unilateral throbbing headache.
How long does a migraine typically last?
4 to 72 hours
What are the clinical features of a migraine?
Unilateral subacute throbbing Exacerbated by movement Vomiting/nausea Vertigo Photophobia Phonophobia Osmophobia (sensitivity to odours) Preceded by aura
What are some of the known triggers for a migraine?
Bright light Strong smells Loud sounds Sleep deprivation Sleep excess Exercise Tiredness Hunger Dehydration Menstruation
What is the current theory on the underlying pathology of a migraine headache?
Neurovascular basis related to the release of vasoactive sustances by trigeminovascular system.
What happens to the levels of 5HT before and during a migraine attack?
The levels of 5HT increase with the prodromal symptoms and then fall during the headache.
What are the two most common subdivisions of migraine?
Classic - migraine with aura
Common - migraine without aura
What are the commonly reported features of a migraine aura?
Moving lights
Fortification spectra - flickering image
Paraesthesia
Numbness in limb and face