motor neuron lesions

Question 1

UMN lesion

Answer 1

muscle paralysis
muscle paresis
hypertonia
hyperreflexia
clonus
babinski sign

Question 2

LMN lesion

Answer 2

muscle paralysis
muscle paresis
hypo-/atonia
hypo-/areflexia
fasciculation
muscle atrophy

Question 3

spastic paralysis

Answer 3

hypertonia
hyperreflexia
clonus (possibly)

Question 4

flaccid paralysis

Answer 4

hypo-/atonia
hypo-/areflexia
initial fasciculations

Question 5

facial nerve UMN lesion

Answer 5

facial asymmetry
intact folds on forehead*
no eyelid droop*
smoothing of nasolabial folds
lips cannot be held tightly together
difficulty keeping food in mouth

*distinguishes from LMN lesions

Question 6

facial nerve LMN lesion

Answer 6

bell’s palsy (ipsilateral)
upper and lower asymmetry of face
drooping over eyelids
smooth forehead

Question 7

what muscles protrudes the tongue?

Answer 7

genioglossus muscle yall

Question 8

hypoglossal nerve LMN lesion

Answer 8

deviation to contralateral side

-muscle atrophy on affected side and affected side is protruded less

Question 9

hyposglossal nerve UMN lesion

Answer 9

deviation to ipsilateral side

-paralysis of contralateral side, no atrophy