Motor Milestones Flashcards
what direction does development occur in
proximal to distal
cephalocaudal
1mo milestone
lifting head
4-7mo milestones
sitting w support
–> sitting independently
8-10mo milestone
creeping
–> crawling
at what age is the milestone of pulling to stand achieved
9-10mo
12-13mo milestone
independent stance
14-18mo milestone
walking
what is the prone progression from birth to 10-13mo (5)
head lift
prone on elbows (POE)
prone on hands (POH)
quadruped
creeping
when is static sitting achieved
~6-8mo
how does a child get from supine to stand early on and later (under the age of 2)
early on: roll to prone -> quadruped -> pull/push to stand
later: prone -> quadruped -> plantigrade -> stand
how does a child 2-3yo look going from supine to stand
modified roll & sit up -> stand
how does a child 4-5yo look going form supine to stand
symmetrical sit up pattern
what task is evidence of reactive and anticipatory postural adjustments once child can do it
pull to stand
when and where are reactive postural adjustments seen in infants and children (5)
7-8mo - ankle strategies in pull to stand
10-12mo - gross distal to prox motor coordination
3mo of walking - staggering/stepping responses
4-6yo - variability & adaptability of patterns
7-10yo - adult-like reactive adjustments
when and where are anticipatory postural adjustments seen in infants and children (4)
10-13mo - gastroc activity (to counteract motion of arms)
16-17mo - more consistent & temporally specific
3-5yo - variable APA (immature -> adult-like)
4-6yo - adult like APA
key ages of sensory integration for balance
4-6yo - transitional period for ability to resolve sensory conflicts using adult-like sensory integration strategies
adolescence - maturation of visual, somatosensory, vestib systems, & ability to solve sensory conflict
why are children 4-6yo usually clumsier than they have been
transitioning to use less vision for balance and more strategies for movement
what are prenatal origins of gait (2)
~9wks gestation = isolated leg and arm movement
~16wks gestation = alternating leg movements
when is neonatal stepping seen developmentally
appears newborn and “disappears” ab 2mo
what age is a child considered an early walker
~9-15mo
what age is a child to be considered a later walker
~2yo
how does gait develop from later walkers on
3yo - mature gait pattern
refinement by 7yo
18-24mo: mobility (3)
begins to run
creeps back down stairs
climbs stairs using railing
2-3yo: mobility (4)
jumps off low step
begins ride a tricycle
kick small ball
throws overhand
3yo: mobility (4)
demonstrates true run
- both feet leaving ground
walks upstairs alternating feet
walks downstairs using marked time
jumps off step & over 2’’ object
3.5yo: mobility (3)
hop few steps on preferred foot
kicks ball
mounts, pedals, & dismount tricycle
4yo: mobility (4)
walk downstairs alternating feet
gallops
stands on tip toes
rotation of body follow throw of ball
4.5yo: mobility (3)
catches ball if prepared
jump 2-3’’
leans forward when jumping from a height
5yo: mobility (5)
stop and change directions quickly when running
hop 8-10steps on 1foot
throws ball and hits target at 10ft
roller skates
rides a bike
6yo: mobility (1)
can skip
8yo: mobility (2)
jumps rope skillfully
throws and bats ball skillfully
10yo: mobility (1)
jumping distance cont to inc
11yo: mobility (1)
running speed stabilizes for girls
12yo: mobility (1)
plays ball more skillfully d/t improved reaction time
13yo: mobility (1)
males cont to inc running speed and jumping distance
14yo: mobility (1)
standing long jump distance cont to inc for males but stabilizes for females
15yo: mobility (1)
may reach fastest reaction time
16yo: mobility (1)
may reach peak performance level in sports
