Motor Learning/ Exercise Adherence Flashcards
Motor task: a task with a clear beginning and end.
Discrete
Motor task: A series of discrete movements that are combined in a particular sequence
Serial
Motor task: repetitive, uninterrupted movement that have no distinct beginning and end
Continuous
Changes are made to the task or environment between repetitions (or trials) to assist with improved learning and increased difficulty of the training
Variability
A(n) [open/closed] environment includes little variability in the environment or task while a(n) [open/closed] environment includes a variable task or variable conditions
Closed; open
Little to no movement of the individual is required for completion of the task.
Stable
Movement is a basic requirement of the task.
Mobile
Tasks are more difficult if completed while the upper extremities are involved in _____________.
Object manipulation
Stage of learning that requires conscious thought and attention to task; Should be performed in a closed environment with little variability; High rates of error in this stage of learning; Requires feedback regarding performance
Cognitive
What are the stages of motor learning?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
Stage of learning that is characterized by fewer errors; Active problem-solving to decrease variability and increase consistency of performance; Require less feedback related to performance
Associative
Stage of learning where the completion of the task is automatic; Individuals can dual-task while completing the task; Infrequent feedback needed
Autonomous
- level of attention needed for a task is lowest
What are some pre-practice considerations?
- Increase patient adherence by educating on the purpose of the exercise or motor task.
- Make it meaningful!
- Consider the attentional demands and stage of motor learning
- Demonstrate
- Concise verbal instruction before practicing the task
Type of practice: Practicing a portion of the motor task; Most effective during the cognitive stage of learning: i.e., Anterior weight shift during sit to stand
Part
Type of practice: Practicing the entire motor task; More effective when learning a continuous skill, such as walking or stairs
Whole
Type of practice: Rapidly improves performance through repetition of a motor task; Improved generalizability and skill retention
Blocked
Type of practice: Requires more cognitive processes, additional challenge for the patient; Improved retention of a task after patient has progressed past the cognitive stage of learning; i.e., obstacle course
Random
Type of practice: Practice of a motor task
Physical
Type of practice: Imagining performance of a motor task
Mental
Source of this type of feedback are any sensory systems of the learner; Inherent to the movement itself; Provides information related to movement quality; Continuous in nature
Intrinsic feedback
Also known as Augmented Feedback; Supplemental to intrinsic feedback; Particularly important in those patients who have sensory impairments
Extrinsic feedback
What are the types of extrinsic feedback?
- Verbal
- Tactile (haptic)
- Visual
- Auditory
- Videotape
Maybe intrinsic or extrinsic
Relates to information about the quality of performance
Knowledge of performance
Recent evidence suggests this form a feedback may be more effective for motor learning than knowledge of performance; Extrinsic feedback related to the outcome of a motor task
Knowledge of results
Feed back schedule/frequency that happens while the action is going on
Concurrent
Feedback schedule/frequency: Extrinsic feedback given to the patient after a number of trials; Promotes retention and generalizability; Associated with slower skill acquisition– may want to utilize in the associative stage of motor learning.
Summary
Concurrent feedback: setting a threshold where feedback is provided
bandwidth
A form of summary feedback provided immediately following performance of a motor task; Best to utilize during cognitive stage of learning; May cause patient to be dependent upon the therapist for knowledge of performance or knowledge of results
Immediate, Post-response
A form of summary feed back that allows the patient to utilize intrinsic feedback first to assess performance of the task; Preferred in the associative and autonomous phases; Utilized to promote independence
Delayed, post-response
Improves skill acquisitions (performance) more quickly during cognitive stage of learning than variable feedback
Continuous or constant feedback
Type of concurrent feedback that promotes retention
Variable or intermittent
What should you take into consideration when providing feedback
- Facilitating dependence
- Attention to task (distraction/interruption)
- Utilize fading
A complex set of internal processes that involves the acquisition of relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement or task through practice
Motor learning
True or False: Fading is an import feature of effective f/b for motor learning
T
What type of motor task is brushing teeth?
serial
- can be broken down into smaller tasks
What stage are you in if you’re learning what and how to do a motor task?
Cognitive
Awareness of position in space(proprioception) is an example of what type of feedback?
Intrinsic feedback
- coming from pt themselves
True or False: Summary feedback is more effective than immediate, postresponse feedback in the associative, or autonomous, motor learning
True
Refinement of a motor skill happens in the _____ phase of motor learning
Associative
What type of task is a sit to stand transfer?
discrete
What does “AIDES” stand for? what does it mean?
Assessment – assess all medication
Individual – individualize the regimen
Documentation – provide written documentation
Education – provide accurate and continuing education tailored to the needs of the individual
Supervision – provide continue supervision of the regimen
What are examples of barriers to adherence?
- Complexity
- Lack of understanding
- Time
- Patient perception of barrier (lifestyle change)
- Patient perception of therapy
- Poor communication and or instruction
- Lifetime habit
What improves exercise adherence?
- Patient preference (swimming vs. biking)
- Supervision: more is better (HEP, Individual, group)
- Educate patients on self-management of their condition
- Behavior change strategies were effective
- mode of exercise does not affect exercise adherence
the acting in accordance with, or the yielding to a desire, request, condition, direction, etc; a consenting to act in conformity with; an acceding to; practical assent
Compliance
- lamens: acting in accordance with advice [from the practitioner]
the fact of agreeing or being concordant; agreement, harmony
Concordance
- lamens: prescriber and pt. should come to an agreement about the regimen
persistence in a practice or tenet; steady observance or maintenance
Adherence
- preferred term, suggests more of a partnership btwn pt. & PT
