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Outcome Measures > Motor Learning > Flashcards

Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

3 Different Stages of Motor Learning

A
  • Cognitive Stage
  • Associative Stage
  • Autonomous Stage
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2
Q

Cognitive Stage

A

Cognitive=Thinking about it the most

  • What do I do?
  • “Trial and Error” stage with several

mistakes and the lack of coordination.

  • Patient NEEDS visual cues.
  • Demonstrating the task is most effective
  • Cognitive demands are high
  • High frustration potential

*Questions like: “Pt is being instructed…” means they are in the cognitive stage. They need DEMONSTRATION

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3
Q

Associative Stage

A
  • How do I do it?
  • Known as the “practice or

adjustment phase”

  • Patient needs to FEEL IT
  • kinesthetic learning

(proprioception), intrinsic and

extrinsic feedback

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4
Q

Autonomous Stage

A
  • How Do I Master It
  • Known as the “fine-tuning phase”
  • Patient able to self-correct and

movements are habitual with little

cognitive efforts

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5
Q

What is Retention?

A

• Ability of the learner to

demonstrate skill over time

after a period of NO practice

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6
Q

What is Acquisition?

A

• Ability of the learner to

demonstrate the skill

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7
Q

What are the two different types of feedback?

A

Internal (Inherent) and External (Augmented)

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8
Q

What subcategories are a part of the two feedbacks?

A
  • Internal (Inherent)-
  • Proprioception
  • Visual
  • Vestibular
  • Cutaneous (stretching)
  • External feedback-

(Augmented)

  • Visual
  • Auditory
  • Tactile (touching)
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9
Q

What is Knowledge of Results?

A

Feedback given about the end result

related to a goal that was set.

Wheelchair to edge of bed (EOB)

transfer within 5 seconds using

stand-pivot transfer (GOAL)

• “Mr. Larry that took us 6.5 seconds

to complete that transfer”

(FEEDBACK)

*Like a time in a swim meet

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10
Q

Knowledge of Results-Bandwidth

A

Feedback given only when performance

deviates outside of pre-determined error

ranges

Example

• While ambulating, patient rotates trunk

to wrong side when taking a step.

• Not an acceptable error as it

creates a bad movement pattern

and increased risk for falls.

*“Stay within your bandwidth”

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11
Q

What is Knowledge of Performance?

A

• Feedback given about the quality of the

movements produced DURING the

performance.

Example

• The task is to perform 10 sit to stand

transfers (GOAL)

• Mr. Larry you are doing the sit to stand

transfers correctly, but I noticed that you

attempting to stand straight up without

any momentum. We can improve your

sit to stand speed by making sure that

you use momentum by bringing your

“nose over your toes”

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12
Q

How do we prescribe practice?

A
  • Practice time
  • Variability of

practice

  • Practice Order
  • Practice

Environment

• Part to whole

practice

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13
Q

Practice Time-What is massed practice?

A
  • Rest time < Practice time
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased performance
  • Risk of injury
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14
Q

Practice Time-What is distributed practice?

A
  • Rest time >/= Practice time
  • Slower acquisition but significant retention

*Better for people with PD or neurological pathologies that fatigue easily

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15
Q

Practice Variability-Blocked Practice

A
  • Performing only the one task
  • Example, WC to EOB only, over and over
  • Benefits
  • Superior skill acquisition / better initial

performance

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16
Q

Practice Variability-Randomized Practice

A
  • Performing different tasks in random order
  • Example, WC to EOB, WC to bathtub, EOB to Floor
  • Benefits
  • Superior long term effects on retention
17
Q

Practice Order-Blocked

A
  • Repeated practice of a task or group of tasks in order
  • WC to EOB x3, EOB to floor x 3, Floor to WC x 3
  • Same session
18
Q

Practice Order-Serial Order

A
  • Serial Order (improved retention / generalizability)
  • Predictable and repeated order of multiple tasks
  • WC to EOB x1, EOB to floor x1, Floor to WC x1 then repeat
19
Q

Practice Order-Random Order

A
  • Random Order (improved retention / generalizability)
  • Non-repeating, non-predictable order
  • 132312321
20
Q

What are the 2 types of environments?

A

Closed Environment-

• Enclosed environment with minimal

distractions including noise, colors,

lighting, people, objects etc.

  • Improved skill acquisition
  • Delayed Retention

Open Environment-

• An environment with multiple

distractors such as people, objects,

changing ambient lighting, and noise.

  • Delayed skill acquisition
  • Improved long term retention and

generalizability

21
Q

What is Part Training?

A
  • Part Training
  • Breaking up a complex motor task into

independent parts to be practiced

individually.

• WC to Bed transfer

22
Q

What is Whole Training?

A
  • Whole Training
  • Practicing the entire task at one time

and is typically used for continuous

tasks with highly integrated parts.

• Walking

23
Q

When in the cognitive stage…

A
  • Patient relies on: Vision and Demonstration
  • Patient needs: Guidance, Direction to pay

attention to critical details of task

• Feedback that should be given: KR and KRbandwidth

mostly with KP intermittently and

provided after every trial early f/b faded

• Remember to: Point out similarities to

learned tasks (lead up tasks)

• What environment types: Closed

environments

  • What practice time: Distributed practice
  • What type of practice: Blocked practice
  • What practice order, : Blocked f/b serial and

random

• Part or Whole training: Part training followed

by whole if possible

24
Q

When in the associative stage…

A

Patient relies on: Proprioception and

Introspection “feeling the movement”

• Patient needs: less augmented feedback and

more practice

• Feedback that should be given: Use both KR and

KP, but limit use only providing necessary

feedback to improve performance/avoid faulty

movement patterns

• Remember to: Intervene only when necessary

during the task and rarely facilitate and guide

movements because it may be counterproductive

• What environment types: Closed environments

with progression to open

• What practice time: Distributed practice as

needed

  • What type of practice: Random practice
  • What practice order, : Variable practice order,

serial and random

• Part or Whole training: Part training as needed,

focus on whole if possible

25
Q

When in the automatic stage…

A

• Patient relies on: Self evaluation,

conscious awareness of performance

• Patient needs: higher level practice with

distractions

• Feedback that should be given: Only

occasionally, KP and KR, when errors are

consistent

• Remember to: Encourage decision

making skills, autonomy, reflection

• What environment types: Open

environments

  • What practice time: Massed Practice
  • What type of practice: Random practice
  • What practice order: Random practice

order

• Part or Whole training: Whole training

only

Outcome Measures (8 decks)

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