Motor Learning Flashcards
What is motor learning?
Set of processes ASSOCIATED WITH PRACTICE or experience leading to RELATIVELY PERMANENT changes in capability to respond and produce skilled action.
Performance learning distinction
Ability to acquire a task during the session is not true learning, the ability to retain the task later on indicates true learning.
Basic forms of long term memory (2) and what parts of the brain is involved in each
Explicit (declarative): Medical Temporal Diencephalic System
Implicit (non declarative)- Neocortex, Striatum, Amygdala, Cerebellum
Declarative/Explicit learning vs Non declarative/Implicit learning
Declarative- Recollection of facts and events.
Non declarative- Ability to perform learned skills or activities
Non-declarative category: Non-associative learning: Habituation and Sensitization and when its important
Sensitization is an increased responsiveness to a threatening or noxious stimulus. The more noxious the stimulus, the stronger the response.
Important: increasing a pt’s awareness of stimuli that increase likelihood of falling is important for balance training.
Non-declarative category: Associative learning: Classical vs Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning: Predict relationship of one stimulus to another. Initially weak stimulus/the conditioned stimulus is associated with a stronger stimulus/ unconditioned stimulus. That results to a conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus. Ex: Bell associated with food resulting with salivation when bell is rung.
Operant conditioning: Predict relationship of one’s behavior to a consequence. Trial and Error learning.
In order to achieve associative learning, one must…
Be able to detect the relationship.
How is classical conditioning utilized in rehab and what it must have to the patient?
Give pt verbal cues with physical assistance, pt begins to make the movement with only verbal cue, and then eventually perform the action without assistance.
It must have meaning/SALIENCE to the patient
How is operational conditioning utilized in rehab, what technique is used, and what therapists encourage to their patients (2)
Older adult fell during shopping, so she doesn’t shop in fear of falling, then decrease in activity increases fall likelihood which makes her desire to be inactive.
Therapists use DESENSITIZATION to decrease her fear of falling like practicing walking outdoors that she feared.
Therapist should encourage problem solving and verbal praise for some patients.
Non declarative Learning : Associative learning: Procedural learning: 4 traits
- Performed automatically without attention
- Develops slowly through repetition of an act over many trials
- Does not require awareness, attention, or higher cognitive processes.
- Led by repeating a movement continuously under varying circumstances.
Declarative learning: Meaning, advantages and disadvantages
The ability to recall FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE
Advantage: Can be practiced mentally in the same way it was learned Ex: mental image of an activity.
Great to perform during breaks esp for easily fatiguing pts.
Disadvantage: Person must verbally repeat steps.
Difficult to perform if they have cognitive or language dysfunction.
Declarative/explicit learning: the 4 different types of processing
Encoding
Consolidation
Storage
Retrieval
Declarative learning: Encoding processing: Definition and what it depends on
Understanding and perceiving new knowledge to the existing knowledge.
Depends on : level of motivation, the extent of ATTENTION to the info, ability to associate it meaningfully with info in memory
Declarative learning: Consolidation processing: What is it, what does it involve, and its goal?
The process of making information stable to long-term memory storage.
Involves structural changes in neurons.
Goal is to make a memory trace after learning experience.
Declarative learning: Storage processing
The long term retention of memories and has a vast capacity compared to short-term memory.
