Motor Learning Flashcards
what is task oriented training?
training that is as close to the task as possible
what is the goal of rehabilitation?
to regain optimal motor performance of everyday tasks/ activities, specific and relevant to the individual’s lifestyle and context/ stage of rehab
what are the important steps in task specific training?
- functional task analysis
- practice the essential components (part practice)
- practice the whole task (whole practice)
- transfer of learning to relevant contexts
What are the components of functional task analysis?
essential components, kinematic deviations, compensations, potential underlying impairments
what is an essential component?
breaking a whole task into component movements
what do you look at with the essential components?
are the components what you would expect them to be?
are there any kinematic deviations?
are there any compensations?
what are the potential underlying impairments that can cause the deviation in the essential components?
- Pain
- ROM
- strength
- coordination
- sensation
- motor control
what is Part Task practice?
practice the essential movement components
what is the goal of part task practice?
to get better at performing the whole task
in part task practice, you set up practice to:
require appropriate type of muscle contraction relevant to the task and/or simulate the load demands of the task
what are the skills & strategies used in part task practice?
- handling/ guidance
- choice of training position and set up of the environment
- augmented feedback through the various sensory systems
what are the various sensory systems that provide augmented feedback through?
- visual
- proprioceptive
- tactile
- vestibular
- auditory
why is augmented feedback good?
helps patient know if theyre performing the task correctly
what does part task practice reduce?
the factors limiting performance
what does part task practice allow to be managed?
- relevant primary impairments e.g. pain, sensory loss
- secondary impairments/ adaptive changes e.g. muscle shortening
what is the goal of WHOLE task practice?
strengthen muscles and develop control of movement while practicing the whole task
what do you set up practice to achieve in WHOLE task practice?
- correct selectivity and timing of muscle activation
- appropriate muscle force to meet task demand
what physio strats and skills can you incorporate in WHOLE task practice?
manual, verbal, technical applied in the context of function
what is the decision to practice a skill as a whole/ in parts, based on?
the complexity and organisation characteristics of the skill
define complexity?
number of parts or components and the degree of information processing that characterise a skill
SKILL COMPLEXITY AND ORGANISATION
organisation:
the relationships among the component parts of the skill
does skill have a low or high level of organisation?
high when its component parts are spatially and temporally interdependent (rely on eachother)
what is a low level of organisation?
when the component parts are relatively independent
when do you practice the WHOLE skill when assessing the levels of complexity
if the skill is low in complexity and high in organisation (components rely on eachother)
when do you practice the PART method ?
if skill is high in complexity and low in organisation (relatively independent)`
what are the 3 classification of skills?
- discrete skills
- serial skills
- continuous skills
what practice method is best for Discrete skills?
whole
what practice method is best for serial skills?
part
what practice method is best for continuous skills?
whole or part practice
define a discrete skill?
specific start and finish
define serial skill
discrete movements done in a continuous way
define a continuous skill
no defined start/ finish e.g. walking
