Motor Learning Flashcards
Degrees of freedom problem
The many degrees of freedom of the motor system need to be reduced such that effective control is possible
Three Stages of learning according to Berstein
First stages: Most rigid, some degrees are frozen or coupled
Second Stage: More degrees are in control
Third Stage: Total control, Forces related to the movement are incoroporated
Fits and Posner 1967
Model of learning
Verbal Cognitive Stage
First stage of learning where a lot of inner talk takes places
Not a lot of attention can be devoted to the quality of the movement
Verbal and cognitive processes are dominant duting this stage
Associative Motor Stage
Second Stage of learning where attention is devoted to refinement of the skill and more consistency
Autonomous Stage
Final stage which is characterised by automatic movement execution with not much strain on attention (Emphasis on tactis)
Explicit Learning
Learning by consciouly knowing what and how to do it
Build up of explicit knowledge
From conscious to automatic control
Implicit Learning
Learning unconsciously by doing
Small role of working memory
No conscious control, immediately in automatic stage
Pros of implicit memory
● Not too much emphasis on working memory
● Less relapse with stress (research in sports psychology)
● Retention of learning effects is better
● Learning is more fun: Tasks are presented in a more ‘lively’ manner
Methods of implicit learning (4 ways)
Analogy learning
Observational Learning
Incidental learning
Error-reduced learning
Which is better, implicit or explicit?
Implicit is more robust, where under pressure they have a better performance but explicit learning did better after a few days
Intrinsic Feedback
Feedback from your own perception, visual etc
Two types of feedback?
Intrinsic and extrinsic
Extrinsic Feedback
Feedback from outside
Knowledge of results
A type of extrinsic feedback on movement outcome
