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NMS 1 Exam Two > Motor Exam > Flashcards

Motor Exam Flashcards

1
Q

upper motor neuron lesions are these kind of injuries (peripheral, central)

A

central

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2
Q

location of UMNL

A

brain, spinal cord

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3
Q

these neuron lesions can be unilateral and bilateral

A

UMNL

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4
Q

these neuron lesions have spastic paralysis (functional nerve)

A

UMNL

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5
Q

lower motor neuron lesions are these kinds of injuries (central, peripheral)

A

peripheral

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6
Q

these neuron lesions are unilateral but affect one to many muscles and sensory regions

A

LMNL

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7
Q

these neuron lesions have flaccid paralysis (non-functional nerve)

A

LMNL

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8
Q

strength testing that has complete paralysis, 0% of normal movement, and no contraction

A

0/5

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9
Q

strength testing that has a twitch of muscle, 0-10% of movement, and can feel muscle action but don’t see movement

A

1/5

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10
Q

strength testing that has moderate to severe paresis, active movement can happen when gravity is eliminated, 11-25% of normal movement, patient can move joint through full ROM without gravity

A

2/5

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11
Q

strength testing that has moderate paresis, active movement against gravity, 26-50% of normal movement, and complete ROM against gravity

A

3/5

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12
Q

strength testing that has mild paresis, active movement against gravity and mild resistance, 51-75% of normal movement, usually resistance of 2 fingers

A

4/5

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13
Q

strength testing that has normal strength and 76-100% of normal movement

A

5/5

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14
Q

supraspinatus muscle has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C5

peripheral nerve=suprascapular

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15
Q

deltoid muscle has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C5

peripheral nerve=axillary

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16
Q

biceps muscle has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C5

peripheral nerve=musculocutaneous

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17
Q

brachioradialis muscle has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C5

peripheral nerve=radial

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18
Q

wrist extensors have this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C6

peripheral nerve=radial

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19
Q

triceps muscle has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C7

peripheral nerve=radial

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20
Q

wrist flexors have this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C7

peripheral nerve=median/ulnar

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21
Q

finger extensors have this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C7

peripheral nerve=raidal

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22
Q

finger flexors have this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C8

peripheral nerve=median/ulnar

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23
Q

finger abductors have this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=T1

peripheral nerve=ulnar

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24
Q

finger adductors have this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=T1

peripheral nerve=ulnar

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25
Q

decreased muscle tone means this kind of neuron lesion

A

LMNL

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26
Q

increased muscle tone means this kind of neuron lesion

A

UMNL

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27
Q

hypertonia means

A

increased muscle tone

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28
Q

increased muscular resistance felt by examiner during quick joint movement

A

spasticity

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29
Q

involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire ROM

A

rigidity

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30
Q

hypotonia means

A

decreased muscle tone

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31
Q

loss of normal neurological function

A

deficit phenomenon

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32
Q

exaggerations or perversions of normal neurological function due to a loss of cortical inhibition

A

release phenomenon

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33
Q

biceps reflex has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C5

peripheral nerve=musculocutaneous

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34
Q

brachioradialis reflex has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C6

peripheral nerve=radial

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35
Q

triceps reflex has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C7

peripheral nerve=radial

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36
Q

finger flexion reflex has this nerve root and peripheral nerve

A

nerve root=C8

peripheral nerve=median/ulnar

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37
Q

grading reflex that’s a 0 means

A

absent reflex

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38
Q

grading reflex that’s a 1 means

A

hypoactive reflex

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39
Q

grading reflex that’s a 2 means

A

normal reflex

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40
Q

grading reflex that’s a 3 means

A

hyperactive reflex

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41
Q

grading reflex that’s a 4 means

A

hyperactive reflex with sustained clonus

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42
Q

type of reflexes that are motor responses to scraping of the skin

A

superficial reflexes

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43
Q

superficial reflexes are graded as

A

present or absent

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44
Q

superficial reflexes can be abolished by

A

severe LMNL or destruction of sensory pathways from the skin

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45
Q

types of superficial reflexes

A

gag reflex, corneal blink reflex, epigastric reflex, upper/middle/lower abdominal reflex, cremasteric reflex, gluteal reflex, plantar reflex, anal reflex

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46
Q

innervation of gag reflex

A

CN 9 & 10

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47
Q

reflex that has elevation of soft palate, constriction of pharyngeal muscles

A

gag reflex

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48
Q

innervation of corneal blink reflex

A

CN 5 & 7

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49
Q

innervation of epigastric reflex

A

T5-T7

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50
Q

peripheral nerve of epigastric reflex

A

intercostal nerve

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51
Q

innervation of upper abdominal reflex

A

T7-T9

52
Q

peripheral nerve of upper abdominal reflex

A

intercostal nerve

53
Q

innervation of middle abdominal reflex

A

T9-T11

54
Q

peripheral innervation of middle abdominal reflex

A

intercostal nerve

55
Q

innervation of lower abdominal reflex

A

T11-T12

56
Q

peripheral innervation of lower abdominal reflex

A

intercostal, iliohypogatric, ilioinguinal nerves

57
Q

innervation of cremasteric reflex

A

L1-L2

58
Q

peripheral innervation of cremasteric reflex

A

ilioinguinal, genitofemoral nerves

59
Q

innervation of gluteal reflex

A

L4-S2

60
Q

peripheral innervation of gluteal reflex

A

inferior gluteal nerve

61
Q

innervation of plantar reflex

A

L4-S2

62
Q

peripheral innervation of plantar reflex

A

tibial nerve

63
Q

normal response with plantar reflex

A

plantar flexion of toes and foot

64
Q

abnormal response with plantar reflex

A

dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of other toes

65
Q

innervation of anal reflex

A

S2-S5

66
Q

peripheral innervation of anal reflex

A

hemorrhoidal

67
Q

superficial or deep reflexes are normally controlled or inhibited by

A

the motor cortex or pyramidal tracts

68
Q

Hoffman’s sign is looking for lesion here

A

above C5 in corticospinal tract

69
Q

Hoffman’s sign abnormal response and what it means

A

abnormal=flexion of fingers and adduction of thumb

means=UMNL

70
Q

Tromner sign is looking for lesion here

A

lesion above C5 in corticospinal tract

71
Q

Tromner sign abnormal response and what it means

A

abnormal=flexion of fingers and adduction of thumb

means=UMNL

72
Q

Rossolimo sign of the foot looking for lesion here

A

corticospinal tract

73
Q

Rossolimo sign abnormal response and what it means

A

abnormal=plantar flexion of toes

means=UMNL

74
Q

Babinski sign looking for lesion here

A

corticospinal tract

75
Q

Babinski sign abnormal response and what it means

A

abnormal=dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of other toes

mean=UMNL

76
Q

Chaddock sign looking for lesion here

A

corticospinal tract

77
Q

Chaddock sign abnormal response and what it means

A

abnormal=dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of other toes

mean=UMNL

78
Q

Oppenheim sign looking for lesion here

A

corticospinal tract

79
Q

Oppenheim sign abnormal and what it means

A

abnormal=dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of other toes

mean=UMNL

80
Q

Gordon sign looking for lesion here

A

corticospinal tract

81
Q

Gordon sign abnormal and what it means

A

abnormal=dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of other toes

mean=UMNL

82
Q

Schaefer sign looking for lesion here

A

corticospinal tract

83
Q

Schaefer sign abnormal and what it means

A

abnormal=dorsiflexion of big toe and flaring of other toes

mean=UMNL

84
Q

pupillary light reflex segmental level (afferent and efferent)

A

afferent=CN 2

efferent=CN 3

85
Q

accommodation reflex segmental level

A

CN 3

86
Q

pupillary light reflex normal response

A

bilateral pupil constriction

87
Q

accommodation normal response

A

convergence, constriction, lens thickening

88
Q

ciliospinal reflex segmental level (afferent and efferent)

A

afferent=cervicals and CN 5

efferent=cervical sympathetics

89
Q

ciliospinal reflex abnormal response and what it means

A

abnormal=no pupil dilation on side of stimulation

means=cervical sympathetic lesion

90
Q

oculocardiac reflex segmental level (afferent and efferent)

A

afferent=CN 5

efferent=CN 10

91
Q

oculocardiac reflex normal response

A

decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

92
Q

carotid sinus reflex segmental level (afferent and efferent)

A

afferent=CN 9

efferent=CN 10

93
Q

carotid sinus normal response

A

decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

94
Q

bulbocavernosus reflex segmental level

A

S3-S4

95
Q

bulbocavernosus reflex normal response

A

contraction of bulbocavernosus muscle, urethral constriction, contraction of anal sphincter

96
Q

muscle reflex dysfunction causes

A

reflexes are depressed in parallel to loss of strength

97
Q

peripheral nerve reflex dysfunction causes

A

reflexes are depressed out of proportion of weakness

98
Q

nerve root reflex dysfunction causes

A

reflexes are depressed in proportion to the weakness

99
Q

spinal cord and brain stem reflex dysfunction causes

A

reflexes are hypoactive at the level of the lesion and hyperactive below the lesion

100
Q

cerebellum reflex dysfunction causes

A

reflexes are hypoactive

101
Q

cerebral cortex reflex dysfunction causes

A

unilateral disease will produce UMNL pattern on the contralateral side

102
Q

shaking in the fingers due to agonists and antagonists actions

A

physiological tremor

103
Q

startle reactions and are usually normal occurrences

A

myoclonic jerks

104
Q

twitches within the muscle often after exercise

A

benign fasciculations

105
Q

decreased movement seen in depression or Parkinson’s

A

hypokinesia

106
Q

increased movement

A

hyperkinesia

107
Q

rapid tremor that worsens with volitional movement

A

emotional tremor

108
Q

hereditary tremor that usually affects the hands

A

familial tremor

109
Q

hereditary tremor associated with aging

A

senile tremor

110
Q

“pill rolling” tremor at rest

A

Parkinsonian tremor

111
Q

tremor that worsens with refined volitional movement

A

intention tremor

112
Q

tremor that occurs during maintenance of an intentional posure

A

postural tremor

113
Q

random quick movements simulating fragments of normal movements

A

nontremorous hyperkinesia

114
Q

slow, writing movements of the fingers and extremities that may come and go

A

athetosis

115
Q

slow, alternating contraction and relaxation of agonists and antagonists

A

dystonia

116
Q

violent, flinging movement of half of the body

A

hemiballismus

117
Q

quick, repetitive movements of the face or extremities associated with stress

A

tics

118
Q

motor unrest manifested as continual shifting of posture

A

akathisia

119
Q

tonic or clonic spasms of all or part of the body

A

epilepsy

120
Q

involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, limbs

A

tardive dyskinesias

121
Q

gait that is characteristic of posterior column disease

A

ataxic gait

122
Q

gait that is characteristic of spastic paraplegia

A

scissors gait

123
Q

gait that is characterized by high knee action and flopping of the feet

A

steppage gait

124
Q

gait characterized by marked irregularity and unsteadiness associated with vertigo and a tendency to reel to one side

A

cerebellar gait

125
Q

gait characterized by a forward leaning posture and short shuffling steps slowly at first then becoming more rapid

A

festinating gait

NMS 1 Exam Two (3 decks)

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