Motor Disorders

Question 1

Cerebellar lesions will cause signs ipsilaterally or contralaterally?

Answer 1

Ipsilaterally

Question 2

Lesions in the vermis will cause what?

Answer 2

Bilateral loss of motor control

Question 3

What are the symptoms of cerebellar lesions?

Answer 3

DANISH

D-dysdiadokinesia
A-ataxia
N-nystagmus
I-intention tremor
S-slurred speech
H-hypotonia

Question 4

What is the net effect of the direct pathway in the basal ganglia on the cortex?

Answer 4

Stimulation

Question 5

What is the net effect of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia in the cortex?

Answer 5

Inhibition

Question 6

What are the 3 core symptoms of parkinsons disease?

Answer 6

Bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity.

Question 7

What is the pathophysiology of parkinsons disease?

Answer 7

Substantia nigra pars compacta has loss of dopaminergic neurons. This causes less stimulation of the putamen. This causes less inhibition of GPi. This therefore inhibits the thalamus more so there is less stimulation of cortex.

Question 8

What are other associated features in parkinsons disease?

Answer 8

Hypophonia
Reduced facial expression
Micrographia
Dementia
Depression

Question 9

What is the mode of inheritance of huntingtons disease?

Answer 9

Autosomal dominant

Question 10

When does huntingtons disease commonly present?

Answer 10

30-50 years.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of huntingtons disease?

Answer 11

Chorea (abnormal jerky movement)
Dystonia- repetitive cramping
Incoordination
Cognitive decline and behavioural difficulties

Question 12

What is the pathophysiology of huntingtons disease?

Answer 12

Cell loss in basal ganglia and cortex.