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Pediatrics > Motor development (Quiz 1) info > Flashcards

Motor development (Quiz 1) info Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of gestational age

A
  • 1st day of last menstrual period to day of delivery
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2
Q

-full term weeks

A

39 weeks- 40 weeks

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3
Q
  • early term weeks
A
  • 37 weeks - 38 weeks
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4
Q

premature range

A
  • <37 weeks
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5
Q

What is the corrected age

A
  • 40 weeks - weeks premature
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6
Q

neonate range

A

(newborn) 0-28

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7
Q

infant ranges

A
  • 0-12 months
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8
Q

toddler ranges

A

1-3 years

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9
Q

Primitive Reflexes

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ANTR)

A
  • appears at 20 wks gestation
  • integrates at 4-5 months
  • stimulus: turning of head
  • response: facial arm extends and abducts, occipital arm flexes and abducts
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10
Q

Primitive Reflexes

Rooting

A
  • appears at 28 weeks gestation
  • integrates at 3 months
  • stimulus: touch to perioral area of hungry infant
  • response: turns head and lips towards stimulus
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11
Q

Primitive reflexes

Suck- Swallow

A
  • appears at 28-34 weeks gestation
  • integrates at 5 months
  • stimulus: touch to lips and inside of mouth for suckling and liquid for swallowing
  • response: rhythmic excursions of jaw; tongue rides up and down with the jaw; followed by swallow
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12
Q

Primitive reflexes

Palmar grasp

A
  • appears at 28 weeks gestation
  • integrates at 4-7 months
  • Stimulus: pressure on palm of the hand
  • Response: flexion of fingers
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13
Q

Primitive reflexes

plantar grasp

A
  • appears at 28 weeks of gestation
  • integrates at 9 months
  • stimulus: supported standing on feet or pressure to sole of the foot just distal to metatarsal heads
  • response: flexion of toes
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14
Q

Primitive reflexes

Galant (trunk incurvation)

A
  • appears at 28 weeks of gestation
  • integrates at 3 months, inconsistent
  • stimulus: in prone, stroke paravertebral skin
  • response: lateral of curvature
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15
Q

Primitive reflexes

Moro

A
  • appears at 28 weeks of gestation
  • integrates at 3-5 months
  • stimulus: head drop backwards (loud noise for startle)
  • response: abduction and extension of arms, splaying of fingers, may be followed by arm flexion and adduction
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16
Q

Primitive Reflexes

automatic walking/ stepping reflex

A
  • appears at 37 weeks of gestation
  • integrates at 3-4 months
  • stimulus: hold upright with feet on support
  • response: high stepping movements with regular rhythm
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17
Q

Primitive reflexes

Symmetrical tonic neck (STNR)

A
  • appears at 4-6 months post full term delivery
  • integrates at 8-12 months
  • stimulus: flexion or extension of the head
  • Response: with head flexion, arms flex and hip extend, with head extension arms extend and hips flex
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18
Q

Neonate and first month movement in supine

A
  • wide movements of arms
  • recoil with passive extension
  • rhythmic kicking when active
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19
Q

neonate and first month movement prone

A
  • head to side with weight on cheek: may briefly lift head

- elbows behind shoulders

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20
Q

neonate and first month pull to sit

A

-total head lag

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21
Q

neonate and first month supported stand

A
  • automatic walking
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22
Q

neonate and first month atypical movements

A
  • strong extension, minimal physiological flexion
  • no flexor recoil
  • marked hypotonia
  • no lower extremity kicking
  • does not accept weight in standing
  • no recognition of changing head position with pull to sit
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23
Q

2nd month general

A
  • period of greatest asymmetry due to strong ATNR
  • more disorganized than 1 month old
  • not a good time to evaluate motor progress
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24
Q

2nd month supine movement

A
  • visually tracking
  • increased shoulder mobility
  • variety of LE kicking movements
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25
Q

2nd month prone movement

A
  • briefly lift head to 45 degrees
  • may begin to push up
  • frog legs - hip flexion, ER, Abd, knee flexion, foot DF and eversion
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26
Q

2nd month pull to sit

A
  • attempt to lift head

-

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27
Q

2nd month supported sit

A
  • briefly lifts head, unable to maintain
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28
Q

2nd month atypical development

A
  • poor visual tracking when head is supported
  • limited ROM of UE
  • strong extension of head, trunk, and hips in sitting
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29
Q

3rd month general

A

-emergence of symmetry and midline orientation

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30
Q

3rd month movement in supine

A
  • vision: alert and aware of environment
  • UE: increased ROM - 90 deg. hands and mouth and self exploration
  • LE: kicking with symmetrical and reciprocal patterns
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31
Q

3rd month movement in prone

A
  • lift head to 45-90 deg and maintains with control. may rortate to track 180 deg
  • elbows in line with or in front of shoulders
  • frog legs
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32
Q

3rd month pull to sit

A
  • initial head lag

- no chin tuck

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33
Q

3rd month supported sit

A
  • extends back

- rights head with hyper extension

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34
Q

3rd month standing

A
  • supports weight on both feet
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35
Q

3rd month atypical development

A
  • poor visual control: especially no tracking in supine
  • no extension at hips or trunk in sitting
  • no attempt to loft head with pull to sit
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36
Q

4 months general

A
  • symmetry in posture and movements
    • increased control over flexion and extension
    • purposeful movements emerging
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37
Q

4 month movement in supine

A
  • reaches hands to knees (flexion)
  • head/neck control
  • eyes to track
  • hands together and hands to face
  • LE mirror UE when reaching (arms flex, legs flex)
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38
Q

4 month rolling

A
  • supine to sidelying
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39
Q

4 month movement in prone

A
  • lifts head to 90 deg in midline

- bears weight on forearms

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40
Q

4 months pull to sit

A
  • flexes head and tucks chin
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41
Q

4 months supported sitting

A
  • stabilizes head in midline
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42
Q

4 month atypical development

A
  • strong asymmetrical postures of head or trunk
  • poor midline orientation
  • no hand on body exploration
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43
Q

5 month general

A
  • emergence of dissociated and reciprocal limb movements
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44
Q

5 month movement in supine

A
  • hands to feet, feet to mouth
  • use of vision
  • tuck chin when engaged in flexion activities
  • kicks with dissociated movements
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45
Q

5 month rolling supine to sidelying

A
  • symmetrically flexed to initiate
  • laterally flexes neck and trunk in sidelying
  • bears weight on one arm and reaches with the other
  • once in sidelying, top leg remains flexed and abducted, bottom leg extends
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46
Q

5 month movement in prone

A
  • pushes up onto extended arms
  • reaching
  • toy manipulation
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47
Q

5 months pull to sit

A
  • no head lag

- anticipatory strategy

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48
Q

5 month propped sitting

A
  • briefly maintains
  • uses trunk extensors
  • LE in ring sitting position
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49
Q

5 month standing

A
  • bouncing
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50
Q

5 month atypical development

A
  • unable to adopt ring sit position
  • doe snot attemot to pull self to sit
  • elbows behind shoulders in prone
  • consistent rolling from supine to sidelying with extension
  • no rolling from supine to sidelying
  • no lateral flexion of head and trunk in sidelying
  • no forearm WB in prone
  • cannot maintain propped sitting
  • does not bring heels to the ground in standing
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51
Q

6 month general

A

-controlled and purposeful movements

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52
Q

6 mon movement in supine

A
  • midline play

- reaches with one or both hands

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53
Q

6 mon movement rolling

A
  • rolls supine to prone: initiates from a flexed position

- rolls prone to supine: maintains control of head

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54
Q

6 month movement in prone

A
  • pivoting
  • WB on extended arms
  • may push up into quadruped
  • forearm weight bearing to play: elbows well in front of shoudlers
  • reaching
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55
Q

6 month pull to sit

A
  • actively pulls elf to sit when hands are held
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56
Q

6 month sitting

A
  • sits erect without support
  • head control
  • forward protective extension
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57
Q

shoulder girdle reviews

A
  • 0-2 mon- elbows behind shoulders
    3 mo - elbows in line with shoulders
    4 mo - elbow in front of shoulders
    5-6 mo arms extended
58
Q

7th month general

A
  • variety in movement and positioning
  • variance in skill emergence- about 2 months
  • rarely remain in supine for long
59
Q

7 mo movement in Prone

A
  • independent and functional
  • reaching
  • LE dissociation
60
Q

7 mo quadruped

A
  • Quadruped: transitions from prone and sitting to quad. Rocking
  • crawling
  • creeping
61
Q

7 mo sitting

A
  • experiments with new LE positions
62
Q

7 mo standing

A
  • beginning to pull to stand using people of furniture
  • shift weight back to fall or sit onto floor
  • when held at chest or hands, baby attempts to walk forward
63
Q

7 mo atypical development

A
  • creeping by moving both legs forward simultaneously: bunny-hopping
  • W sits and is unable to transition out of position
64
Q

the importance of creeping

A
  • development of proximal strength and stability. Affecting fine and gross motor skills
  • development of postural control
  • pelvic dissociation
  • activates both hemispheres
65
Q

8 mo general

A
  • movement is motivated by desire to explore environment
66
Q

8 mo movement in sitting

A
  • able to adopt and maintain a variety of LE postures. Ring sitting commonly employed when engaged n fine motor tasks
  • rotates trunk and reaches in all directions
  • transitions to quadruped. tucking one leg and foot under body. move pelvis and trunk over tibia of tucked leg
67
Q

8 mo creeping

A
  • reciprocal extremity movements
68
Q

8 mo pull to stand

A
  • may transiting from kneeling to half kneeling
69
Q

8 mo climbing

A
  • on furniture, stairs, and people
70
Q

8 mo standing at furniture

A
  • begin to cruise around furniture
71
Q

8 mo walking

A
  • stands holding onto examiners fingers

- walks with steppage pattern

72
Q

9 mo general

A
  • creeping is primary means of mobility
73
Q

9 mo sitting

A
  • well developed trunk control. long, ring,side, an W-sit
  • easy transitions in/out of sitting
  • engages in fine motor play
74
Q

9 month creeping

A
  • improved speed and control. changes directions with ease
75
Q

9 mo climbing

A
  • climbs into chair

- ascends stairs

76
Q

9 mo standing at furniture

A
  • lowers in controlled manner

- widens BOS based anticipated need

77
Q

10 mo general

A
  • enjoys exploring environment
  • majority of times spent moving in and out of sitting. retrieving and moving toys
  • creeping and climbing. means of exploration
78
Q

10 mo rising to stand

A
  • kneeling w/o external support. transition to 1/2 kneel with or w/o support
  • may use only one hand in transition to stand
79
Q

10 mo cruising

A
  • variety of cruising patterns and along furniture of varying heights and firmness
  • beginning to move across open spaces and around corners
80
Q

10 mo supported walking

A
  • begins with stand and walk with one hand held
81
Q

11 mo general

A
  • creeping and climbing. begins to climb off of furniture backwards from quadruped
  • rising to stand through squatting
  • standing at furniture. may release both hands during play. widening BOS as needed
82
Q

11 mo supported walking

A
  • maintains weight shifted towards side of support. takes shorter step on support side
83
Q

11 mo unsupported walking

A
  • abducts legs for wide BOS in unsupported standing or walking. abducts arms and flexes albows
84
Q

12 mo general

A
  • experimenting with new environments and new objects with independence. climb on or into anything they wish to investigate
  • transitions in and out of sitting to quadruped, kneeling, squatting and standing
  • uses creeping to move quickly
  • may play in squatting position
85
Q

12 mo independent standing

A
  • BOS is wide for stability

- lowers to floor with or w/o support

86
Q

12 mo independent walking-

A
  • Wide BOS
  • maintains hips ER throughout gait cycle
  • synchronous flexion of hip, knee and ankle of swing leg. extension of stance leg
  • flat foot contact
87
Q

AAP stance on baby walkers

A
  • dangers:

- falls,burns, drowning, poisoning, most injuries happen while adults are watching

88
Q

Toddlers growth

A
  • gain ~5lbs and grow 2.5 in per year

- 50% of adult height is reached between 2-2.5 yrs

89
Q

2 year old growth

A
  • kick a ball, steer push toys, walk on tip toes, jump with both feet
  • pull off pants and sock, eat with spoon with minimal spillage
90
Q

3 year old growth

A
  • alternate feet to ascend and descend stairs, ride tricycle, emerging of hopping
  • feeds self well, holds glass with 1 hand, pulls on pants, socks and shoes
91
Q

4 year old growth

A
  • walk down stairs alternating feet, catch with hands only, roller skate
  • button large buttons, lace shoes, feed self except cutting
92
Q

5 year old growth

A
  • skip, long jumps >2 feet , jump rope, overhand throwing

- independent eating, hand preference well established

93
Q

children remember an activity if:

A
  • there was a clear outcome of the activity
  • actions within the activity are logical
  • the child engaged in planning
94
Q

Stage 1 of object manipulation

A
  • rotation of held objects (by 2 mo)

- holding becomes intentional

95
Q

stage 2 of object manipulation

A
  • translation of grasped objects (by 3 mo)
  • reaching for objects
  • learns objects can be translated to look at or mouth
96
Q

stage 3 f object manipulation

A
  • vibration/shaking ( by 4 mo)
  • by flexing and extending arm
  • -cause and effect- producing a noise
97
Q

stage 4 of object manipulation

A
  • bilateral hold of 2 objects ( by 4.5 mo)

- may hold a toy in one hand and shake a toy in the other. learning they can do more than one thing at a time.

98
Q

stage 5 of object manipulation

A
  • two -handed hold of a single object ( by 4.5 mo)
  • large toys or bottle
  • learn object ismore steady more easily manipulated with 2 hands
99
Q

stage 6 object manipulation

A
  • hand to hand transfer of an object (4.5 to 6 mo)
  • learn that they can do the same thing with both hands
  • crossing midline
100
Q

stage 7 object manipulation

A

-coordinated action with a single object in which on hand hold the object and the other manipulates or bangs it (by 5-6.5mo)

101
Q

stage 8 object manipulation

A
  • coordinated action with two objects (6- 8.5 mo)

- banging blocks together

102
Q

stage 9 object manipulation

A
  • deformation of objects (7- 8.5 mo)

- infant learns they can change the way things looks or sounds by ripping, bending, squeezing or pulling apart

103
Q

stage 10 object manipulation

A
  • instrumental sequential actions (7.5- 9.5 mo)
  • sequential use of two hands for goal oriented functions
  • open a box with one hand and remove a toy with the other
104
Q

fine motor development at 10-11 months

A
  • small objects held with inferior pincer grasp and later pincer
105
Q

fine motor development at 12 months

A
  • fine pincer grasp
  • rolls a ball
  • scoops with a spoon
106
Q

fine motor 13-18 months

A
  • imitative scribbling
  • palmar supinate grasp
  • precise release of pellet into small container
107
Q

fine motor 18-24 months

A
  • spontaneous scribbling
108
Q

fine motor 24-36 months

A
  • digital pronate grasp of pencil

- imitates vertical and horizontal stroke

109
Q

fine motor at 3 years

A

-copies circles

110
Q

fine motor at 4 years

A
  • cuts straight line with scissors
  • copies a cross
  • static tripod grasp of pencil
111
Q

fine motor at 4.5 years

A
  • buttons small buttons

- copies a square

112
Q

fine motor at 5 years

A
  • dynamic tripod grasp
113
Q

cognitive development

0-6 months

A
  • respond to sounds
  • visually prefers people to objects. recognizes mother
  • vocalizes at mirror image
  • turns head to look for fallen object
  • lengthy inspection of objects in environment
114
Q

cognitive development 6-12 mo

A
  • reaches, inspects and attends to objects and others
  • begins to imitate
  • responds to own name
  • waves bye-bye
  • deliberate choice of toy
  • responds to “no-no”
  • looks at pictures in book
  • simple problem solving. squeeze doll to squeak
  • object permanence present
  • transfers objects from hand to hand
115
Q

cognitive development 12 months

A
  • imitates putting objects in box
  • understands and follows simple commands
  • labels one object
  • follows one step directions
  • points to three body parts
  • identifies pictures in a book
  • points to parts on a doll
116
Q

cognitive development 2 years

A
  • join in nursery rhymes and songs
  • matches familiar objects
  • shows and gives names for hair, hands, feet, nose eyes, mouth shoes.
  • sings phrases of songs
  • associates use with object
  • enjoys simple stores in picture books
  • recognizes self in photo
117
Q

cognitive development 3 years

A
  • knows sex of self
  • tells action in pictures
  • has concept of two, three
  • puts together multiple piece puzzle
  • shows appreciation of past and present
  • comprehends three prepositions- on top of, under, inside
  • tells a simple story
  • follows 2 stage commands
  • knows concepts (big/little, fast/slow, up/down)
118
Q

cognitive development 4 years

A
  • follows 3 stage command in proper order
  • names material objects are made of
  • gives age
  • knows day, night
  • can make opposite analogies
  • matches and names four primary colors
  • listens eagerly to stories
119
Q

language development 1 mo

A
  • move in response to voice
120
Q

language development 2-3 months

A
  • coos
  • cries to get attention
  • vocalizes to express pleasure
121
Q

language development 4-5 months

A
  • turn hea dtoward a voice
  • vocalizes
  • laughs and babbles
122
Q

language development 6-7 months

A
  • babbles

- responds to name

123
Q

language development 8-9 months

A
  • should or vocalizes to gain attention

- vocalizes syllables

124
Q

language development 10-11 mo

A
  • says repetitive consonant sounds: mama, dada
  • waves hi and bye
  • gives object on verbal request
125
Q

language development 12 months

A
  • point to 3 body parts
  • imitates name of familiar objects
  • uses a word to call a person
126
Q

language development 12-24 months

A
  • receptive language> expressive language
  • frequent repetition of words and syllables
  • use of nouns, few verbs and some pronouns
  • 20-100 word vocabulary
  • name objects in a book
127
Q

language development 2 years

A
  • rapid increase in language growth
  • 2 word utternaces
  • 250 word vocabulary
  • inflections
128
Q

language development 3 years

A
  • uses normal loudness and tone
  • 900 word vocabulary
  • use of language in imaginative play
129
Q

social/emotional development

1 month

A

-visual preference for humans

130
Q

social/emotional development 2-3months

A
  • listens to voices, may smile
131
Q

social/emotional development 4-5 months

A
  • laughs

- excited by food

132
Q

social/emotional development 6-7 months

A
  • enjoys mirror

- lively response to familiar people

133
Q

social/emotional development 8-9 months

A
  • separation concern may begin

- desires to be with people

134
Q

social/emotional development 10-11 months

A
  • plays peek-a-boo
  • fear of strangers
  • performs for attention
135
Q

social/emotional development 12 months

A
  • actively engages in play

- understands and follows simple command

136
Q

social/emotional development 13-18 months

A
  • peak of separation distress
137
Q

social/emotional development 18-24 months

A
  • less separation distress

- begin to show empathetic responses to another’s distress

138
Q

social/emotional development 24-36 months

A
  • verbally responds to another’s distress

- includes others in pretend play

139
Q

social/emotional development 3 years

A
  • uses physical aggression more than verbal aggression
140
Q

social/emotional development 3.5 years

A
  • difficulty generating alternatives in conflict situations

- will learn aggressive behavior rapidly if initially successful

141
Q

social/emotional development 5 years

A
  • self control is still poor. success depends on removal of temptation or diversion by others

Pediatrics (19 decks)

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